AC Companies

AC Companies

Air Conditioner Repair Near Me: Professional Air Conditioning Service Guarantees Your Home Stays Cool And Comfortable Throughout Hot Days

Kinds Of AC Repair Solutions

Ever had your ac system sputter to a stop just as the summer sun peaks? It's an aggravating situation-- one that makes you understand the number of parts must work in consistency for cool air to circulation. From frozen coils to refrigerant leaks, the obstacles vary, however the services do not need to be a secret.

Common Air Conditioning Repair Work Categories

  • Refrigerant Recharge and Leakage Repair: Without the ideal quantity of refrigerant, your system has a hard time to cool your space. Determining leaks is essential to restoring efficiency.
  • Compressor and Fan Motor Repairs: These elements are the heart and lungs of your AC. When they stop working, air flow and cooling capability drop.
  • Thermostat Calibration and Replacement: In some cases the perpetrator is your thermostat sending out mixed signals-- changing or switching it out brings comfort back on track.
  • Electrical Component Repair: Faulty electrical wiring or capacitors interfere with efficiency, often triggering unexpected shutdowns or unpredictable behavior.
  • Drain Pipes Line Cleaning and Repair Work: Obstructed condensate lines can cause water damage and system shutdowns if neglected.

How Bold City Heating and Air Handles These Obstacles

Imagine walking into your home after a blistering day, welcomed by a sanctuary of cool air. Bold City Heating and Air transforms that dream into truth by mastering every facet of air conditioner repair. They don't simply spot leakages or swap parts-- they detect the origin with surgical precision.

Frozen coils? They thaw the issue and prevent future freeze-ups. Electrical glitches? They trace every wire to guarantee stability and security. Thermostat difficulties? They fine-tune settings for perfect climate control. No issue is too twisted, no malfunction too unknown.

What sets Bold City apart is their dedication to thoroughness. Each repair unfolds like a carefully choreographed dance, ensuring your system runs efficiently, efficiently, and quietly. It's not practically repairing what's broken; it has to do with restoring peace of mind and cool comfort, all while extending the life of your system.

Deciphering the Mysteries of Air Conditioner Malfunctions

Picture stepping into your home after a scorching day, just to be welcomed by a wave of warm, stagnant air. That sinking feeling? It typically suggests your air conditioning system is having a hard time. Amongst the myriad of hiccups, refrigerant leakages typically play the villain. Not just do they sap the cooling power, however they silently wear down efficiency, leaving your energy costs to balloon. Have you ever questioned why your a/c cycles on and off so frequently? This phenomenon, called brief cycling, might be the system's desperate cry for aid due to dirty filters or defective thermostat calibration.

Professional Insights: Deciphering the Indications

Bold City Heating and Air acknowledges how annoying it can be when your unit declines to blow cold air or, worse, floods your home with unanticipated wetness. Their professionals approach each problem with a detective's precision. Clogged condensate drains pipes often masquerade as minor inconveniences however can lead to water damage if ignored.

Tips and Tricks Just Pros Share

  • Frequently examine and clean your evaporator coil; dust buildup can reduce cooling performance by up to 30%.
  • Ensure your thermostat is positioned away from direct sunlight or heat-emitting home appliances to avoid incorrect readings.
  • Listen for uncommon sounds like rattling or hissing-- these often precede compressor or refrigerant issues.
  • Examine for ice formation on coils; it signifies airflow limitation and needs instant attention.

Common Issues and Their Remedies

Problem Possible Cause Quick Fix
Warm Air Blowing Refrigerant leak or filthy filter Seal leaks and replace filters
Brief Biking Thermostat or electrical concerns Recalibrate thermostat and check electrical wiring
Water Leakage Obstructed condensate drain Clear the drain pipeline
Unusual Sounds Loose parts or compressor issues Tighten up parts or service compressor

Essential Instruments for Identifying A/c Troubles

Ever attempted fixing an air conditioner with simply a screwdriver and a prayer? The reality is even more technical. The heart of reliable air conditioning repair depend on the precision of the tools wielded. A manifold gauge set, for example, isn't simply a fancy gadget; it's the mechanic's stethoscope, revealing the concealed pressures within the system's veins. Without it, thinking the refrigerant levels is like checking out tea leaves.

Bold City Heating and Air comprehends how vital these subtle readings are. They approach each system with a toolkit that's not just comprehensive however thoroughly calibrated, ensuring every twist, turn, and valve change strikes the mark. Their understanding of the subtleties in pressure variations and temperature level gradients transforms a job from uncertainty to science.

Tools That Transform Repair into Art

  • Digital Multimeter: Measures voltage, current, and resistance. Discovers electrical faults that can quietly sabotage your a/c unit.
  • Thermometer: Important for determining temperature level differentials throughout coils, suggesting air flow or refrigerant issues.
  • Drip Detectors: Utilizing UV color or electronic sensors, these unveil the unnoticeable leakages that drain pipes efficiency.
  • Vacuum Pumps: Leave wetness and air, important in preparing the system for a perfect recharge.

In my experience, even the smallest neglected information-- like a slightly used out gasket-- can cascade into a system-wide inadequacy - Bold City Heating and Air. Strong City's service technicians don't just fix; they prepare for the subtle whispers of wear and tear before they scream out as breakdowns

Expert Tips from the Field

  1. Always double-check manifold gauge readings at different times of the day; ambient temperature level shifts can affect accuracy.
  2. Utilize a microamp clamp meter to discover faint electrical draws that suggest stopping working capacitors or motors.
  3. When leaving a system, watch for the "hunting" impact in the vacuum gauge, a professional clue indicating trapped moisture.

Tools are only as good as the hands that wield them. Bold City Heating and Air's proficiency of their instruments raises cooling repair from a mere service to a carefully tuned craft.

Necessary Security Procedures for Air Conditioner Repair Work

Electrical hazards hide in every corner of air conditioning system repair, specifically when handling capacitors holding residual charge. Have you ever questioned why an unexpected jolt can shock even experienced service technicians? It's since a charged capacitor can store hazardous energy long after the unit is powered down. That's why Bold City Heating and Air insists on strenuous discharge procedures before touching any parts.

Working around refrigerants requires not just precision however also caution. Leakages can quietly toxin the air or cause frostbite on contact. When dealing with these invisible risks, protective gear isn't optional-- it's a lifeline. They understand that fumbling without proper gloves and goggles is similar to dancing with danger.

For those venturing into DIY fixes, hearken these specialist suggestions:

  • Constantly cut power at the breaker panel before opening the unit.
  • Utilize a multimeter to validate zero voltage before continuing.
  • Use insulated gloves and eye defense to protect versus electrical shock and refrigerant direct exposure.
  • Manage refrigerant lines with care-- prevent leaks or sharp bends that can result in leakages.
  • Keep a fire extinguisher ranked for electrical fires close by.

Imagine the scary of an abrupt spark in a dusty, enclosed area-- fires fire up in the blink of an eye. Bold City Heating and Air's service technicians use careful cleansing routines to remove dust accumulation that may otherwise sustain unintentional combustion.

Safety List Before Starting Repairs

Security Step Why It Matters
Power Isolation Prevents unexpected electrocution and equipment damage
Capacitor Discharge Removes kept electrical energy that can trigger shocks
Protective Equipment Use Shields skin and eyes from refrigerants and particles
Drip Detection Guarantees air quality and prevents refrigerant loss
Workspace Ventilation Minimizes inhalation dangers and dissipates flammable gases

In the world of a/c repair work, rushing through safety checks resembles avoiding actions on a high wire-- one misstep can cascade into disaster. Bold City Heating and Air's commitment to these preventative measures transforms a risky endeavor into a controlled, predictable operation. They remain vigilant, knowing that real mastery in air conditioning repair work is as much about securing lives as it is about bring back comfort.

Cooling Solutions in Jacksonville, FL

Jacksonville, FL is a lively city understood for its substantial park system, gorgeous beaches, and growing arts scene. As the largest city by location in the continental United States, it uses locals and visitors plenty of outside activities, including boating along the St - Bold City Heating and Air. Johns River and exploring the Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens. The city's warm environment makes effective air conditioning necessary for comfort and health throughout the year

For those in requirement of air conditioning services, Bold City Heating and Air provides skilled guidance and free assessments to assist guarantee your home or business stays cool and comfy. Connect to them for trusted advice and services on air conditioning repair work customized to your requirements.

  1. 32206: 32206 is a zip code covering a varied area of Jacksonville FL. It includes Arlington, recognized for its mid-century architecture and convenient entry to downtown.
  2. 32207: 32207 is a zip code encompassing sections of Jacksonville's Southside, known for its mix of residential areas and commercial developments. It includes diverse neighborhoods and convenient access to major roadways. Jacksonville FL
  3. 32208: 32208 is a postal code including parts of Jacksonville FL's South Side, known for its mix of residential areas and commercial centers. It also includes well-known spots like the Avenues Mall and adjacent business parks.
  4. 32209: 32209 is a zip code including parts of Arlington, a spacious and varied housing district in Jacksonville FL. It offers a mix of accommodation options, parks, and easy entry to downtown.
  5. 32210: This zip code is a vibrant neighborhood in Jacksonville FL, famous for its blend of residential areas and businesses. It provides a useful location with quick access to main roads and area resources.
  6. 32211: 32211 is a zip code primarily covering the Arlington district of Jacksonville FL. It's a vast residential area with a blend of housing choices, retail businesses, and parks.
  7. 32099: The 32099 ZIP code encompasses Ponte Vedra Beach, a coastal community recognized for its high-end homes and golf courses. It features gorgeous beaches and a calm, resort-like atmosphere.
  8. 32201: 32201 is a city center Jacksonville FL postal code encompassing the city center. It features sites such as the Jacksonville Landing and historical buildings.
  9. 32202: The 32202 ZIP code is a dynamic neighborhood in Jacksonville FL, Florida known for its historic charm and varied community. It features a combination of housing, local businesses, and cultural attractions.
  10. 32203: 32203 is a zip code covering a big part of Jacksonville FL's downtown district and nearby communities. It includes many historical structures, businesses, and housing areas along the St. Johns River.
  11. 32204: The 32204 zip code is a zip code including the neighborhood of Ortega in Jacksonville FL. It is a historical and wealthy area known for its waterfront properties and oak-lined streets.
  12. 32205: 32205 is a zip code covering a large portion of Jacksonville FL's urban core, including the historic Riverside and Avondale neighborhoods. Known for its lively arts scene, diverse architecture, and pedestrian-friendly streets, 32205 presents a blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.
  13. 32212: 32212 is a zip code covering parts of Jacksonville FL's Southside, recognized for its mix of residential areas and commercial centers. It offers a variety of homes, retail, and dining experiences.
  14. 32214: This ZIP code is a zip code covering parts of Jacksonville's Southside, known for its combination of residential areas and commercial developments. It provides a mixture of suburban living with easy access to shopping, dining, and major roadways.
  15. 32215: 32215 is a zip code including a few neighborhoods within Jacksonville FL's Southside region. It is recognized for a mix of residential areas, commercial hubs, and proximity to important roads.
  16. 32216: That ZIP code is a zip code encompassing parts of Jacksonville's Southside, recognized for its blend of residential zones and commercial developments. It provides a suburban vibe with ready access to shopping, dining, and major roadways.
  17. 32217: 32217 is a zip code covering a large part of Mandarin, a suburb in Jacksonville FL famous for its scenic waterfront views. It features a mix of residential areas, parks, and business developments along the St. Johns River.
  18. 32218: 32218 is a zip code encompassing parts of the Southside area in Jacksonville FL. It is a mainly residential section with a mix of apartments, condos, and single-family houses.
  19. 32227: 32227 includes the Jacksonville Beach area, providing a mix of housing neighborhoods and beachfront attractions. It's recognized for its calm coastal lifestyle and popular surfing spots. Jacksonville FL
  20. 32228: 32228 is a zip code covering the Jacksonville FL area. It is known for its grainy shores, lively boardwalk, and oceanfront leisure pursuits.
  21. 32229: 32229 is a postal code covering the Arlington area of Jacksonville FL. It's a large residential and business area located east of the St. Johns River.
  22. 32235: 32235 is a zip code mainly covering the Arlington area of Jacksonville FL. It is a large housing area with a mix of homes, retail, and commercial businesses.
  23. 32236: 32236 is a zip code including the Ocean Way and New Berlin neighborhoods in Jacksonville FL. It's a primarily residential area recognized for its suburban nature and closeness to the Jacksonville International Airport.
  24. 32237: 32237 is a zip code encompassing a part of Jacksonville's Southside area. It's known for a combination of residential neighborhoods, commercial centers, and proximity to the University of North Florida.
  25. 32238: 32238 is a zip code covering parts of Jacksonville FL's Southside, recognized because of its mix of housing and business expansions. It includes well-known shopping malls, office parks, and diverse housing choices.
  26. 32239: 32239 is a zip code encompassing the Kernan area of Jacksonville FL. It's a burgeoning residential area with a variety of housing options and easy access to facilities.
  27. 32240: 32240 is a zip code including the Argyle Forest neighborhood in Jacksonville FL. This region is known for its welcoming environment and residential development.
  28. 32241: 32241 is a Jacksonville FL zip code encompassing the Southside Estates area. It is a mainly residential section with a mix of homes and convenient access to major highways.
  29. 32244: 32244 is a zip code including the Jacksonville Beaches region. It covers Neptune Beach, Atlantic Beach, and some of Jacksonville Beach.
  30. 32219: 32219 is a zip code associated with the Mandarin neighborhood in Jacksonville FL. It's a large housing area known for its mix of established areas and more recent projects.
  31. 32220: 32220 is a zip code including the Argyle Forest neighborhood in Jacksonville FL. This area is a primarily residential area known for its family-friendly atmosphere and easy access to shopping and dining.
  32. 32221: The 32221 is a zip code covering parts of Jacksonville's Southside, recognized for its blend of housing developments and commercial developments. It includes communities like Baymeadows and Deerwood, providing a variety of housing and retail selections.
  33. 32222: 32222 in Jacksonville, FL covers the Beach Haven and South Beach communities. It's known for its closeness to the coast and residential areas.
  34. 32223: 32223 is a zip code surrounding the tangerine neighborhood of Jacksonville FL. It's a big housing location famous for its history, parks, and closeness to the St. Johns River.
  35. 32224: 32224 is a zip code encompassing Jacksonville Beach, a coastal community famous for its grainy shores. Locals and tourists same enjoy riding waves, fishing, and a lively promenade scene in Jacksonville FL.
  36. 32225: 32225 is a zip code encompassing Jacksonville FL's Southside neighborhood, recognized because of its combination of housing locations, business hubs, and closeness to the St. Johns River. It provides a mixture of outskirts living with convenient access to stores, dining, and recreational opportunities.
  37. 32226: 32226 is a zip code encompassing the Southside neighborhood of Jacksonville FL. It's a large, varied region known because of its commercial centers, housing developments, and proximity to the St. Johns River.
  38. 32230: 32230 is a zip code encompassing the Jacksonville FL communities of Arlington and Fort Caroline. This area offers a combination of residential areas, parks, and historical sites.
  39. 32231: 32231 is the zip code for Mandarin, a large suburban community in Jacksonville FL known because of its history and scenic views along the St. Johns River. It provides a mix of housing developments, parks, and commercial centers.
  40. 32232: 32232 is the zip code of the Kernan area of Jacksonville FL. It is a growing suburban community recognized because of its residential areas and proximity to the beach.
  41. 32234: 32234 is the zip code of the Mandarin community in Jacksonville FL. It is a large residential area recognized for its past, parks, and proximity to the St. Johns River.
  42. 32245: 32245 is a zip code covering a few neighborhoods in Jacksonville FL, including the wealthy Deerwood area recognized for its gated communities and the large St. Johns Town Center retail and restaurant destination. Residents enjoy a combination of high-end living, retail accessibility, and closeness to major roadways.
  43. 32246: 32246 is a zip code encompassing the Hodges Boulevard area in Jacksonville FL. It's a mainly residential area with a mix of housing options and business projects.
  44. 32247: 32247 is a zip code covering the Mandarin area in Jacksonville FL. It's a big residential area famous for its historical origins, riverfront views, and welcoming environment.
  45. 32250: The 32250 is a zip code encompassing a portion of Jacksonville's in FL Southside, recognized by its mix of residential areas and commercial developments. It covers parts of the Baymeadows area, providing a variety of accommodation choices and convenient access to stores and dining.
  46. 32254: 32254 is a zip code encompassing parts of Jacksonville FL's Southside, recognized for its blend of residential areas and commercial developments. It includes the well-known Deerwood Park and Tinseltown areas.
  47. 32255: 32255 is a zip code encompassing several communities in Jacksonville FL's Southside area. It includes a blend of housing areas, business centers, and proximity to major highways.
  48. 32256: 32256 is a zip code including sections of the South Side neighborhood in Jacksonville FL. It presents a blend of housing developments, commercial centers, and leisure activities.
  49. 32257: 32257 is a zip code covering the Kernan and Hodges Boulevards region of Jacksonville FL. This area is known for its residential communities, shopping centers, and proximity to the University of North Florida.
  50. 32258: 32258 is a zip code encompassing portions of Jacksonville FL's south side, known for residential areas and commercial developments. It covers communities like Baymeadows and Deerwood, offering a mix of lodging choices and convenient entrance to purchasing and dining.
  51. 32260: That zip code is a zip code covering Jacksonville FL's Southside area. It includes a blend of residential areas, commercial developments, and closeness to the St. Johns River.
  52. 32277: 32277 is the zip code for Jacksonville FL, a shoreline community recognized for its grainy shores and lively boardwalk. It offers a combination of residential areas, hotels, restaurants, and recreational activities.

  • Downtown Jacksonville: Downtown Jacksonville serves as the central economic hub of Jacksonville, Florida, known for its dynamic mix of heritage architecture and state-of-the-art skyscrapers. It features cultural attractions, parks along the water, and a variety of dining and entertainment options.
  • Southside: Southside is a vibrant district in Jacksonville, FL, known for its blend of neighborhoods, shopping centers, and business hubs. It offers a mix of urban convenience and residential comfort, making it a favored area for residents and professionals.
  • Northside: Northside is a extensive district in Jacksonville, FL, known for its diverse communities and factory areas. It features a combination of residential neighborhoods, parks, and commercial zones, contributing to the city's growth and development.
  • Westside: Westside is a vibrant district in Jacksonville, FL, known for its multicultural community and rich cultural heritage. It features a mix of residential areas, local businesses, and parks, offering a distinctive blend of urban and suburban living.
  • Arlington: Arlington is a vibrant district in Jacksonville, FL, known for its combination of housing communities and business districts. It features parks, shopping centers, and access to the St. Johns River, making it a favored area for families and nature lovers.
  • Mandarin: Mandarin stands as a historic district in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its picturesque riverfront views and quaint small-town atmosphere. It offers lush parks, local shops, and a rich cultural heritage dating back to the 19th century.
  • San Marco: San Marco is a dynamic neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its heritage architecture and picturesque town center. It offers a mix of boutique shops, restaurants, and cultural attractions, making it a favored destination for residents and visitors alike.
  • Riverside: Riverside is a dynamic neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its historic architecture and bustling arts scene. It offers a variety of unique shops, restaurants, and scenic riverfront parks, making it a well-liked destination for locals and visitors alike.
  • Avondale: Avondale is a charming neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its heritage architecture and vibrant local shops. It offers a combination of residential areas, upscale restaurants, and cultural attractions along the St. Johns River.
  • Ortega: Ortega is a picturesque and scenic neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its beautiful waterfront homes and leafy streets. It offers a charming blend of old Southern architecture and contemporary amenities, making it a appealing residential area.
  • Murray Hill: Murray Hill is a dynamic heritage neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its appealing bungalows and diverse local businesses. It offers a blend of housing comfort and a bustling arts and dining scene, making it a favored destination for residents and visitors alike.
  • Springfield: Springfield is a historic neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its appealing early 20th-century architecture and dynamic community. It features a combination of residential homes, local businesses, and cultural attractions, making it a favored area for both residents and visitors.
  • East Arlington: East Arlington is a dynamic neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its diverse community and easy access to retail and leisure spots. It features a combination of residential homes, green spaces, and shops, making it a appealing place to live.
  • Fort Caroline: Fort Caroline is a heritage district in Jacksonville, FL, known for its rich colonial history and closeness to the site of the 16th-century French fort. It includes a mix of residential areas, parks, and cultural landmarks that highlight its heritage.
  • Greater Arlington: Greater Arlington in Jacksonville, FL, is a vibrant district known for its neighborhoods, malls, and parks. It offers a blend of suburban living with convenient access to the Jacksonville downtown and waterfront locations.
  • Intracoastal West: Intracoastal West is a vibrant neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its picturesque waterways and close proximity to the Intracoastal Waterway. It offers a mix of living and commercial spaces, providing a unique blend of city convenience and natural charm.
  • Jacksonville Beaches: Jacksonville Beaches is a vibrant coastal community in Jacksonville, FL, known for its stunning beaches and relaxed atmosphere. It features a mix of living communities, nearby stores, and leisure activities along the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Neptune Beach: Neptune Beach is a pleasant seaside community located in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its stunning beaches and calm atmosphere. It offers a combination of living communities, local shops, and dining options, making it a well-liked destination for both residents and visitors.
  • Atlantic Beach: Atlantic Beach is a beachside community located in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its beautiful beaches and relaxed atmosphere. It offers a blend of residential areas, local shops, and outdoor recreational activities along the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Jackson Beach: Jacksonville Beach is a lively coastal community in Jacksonville, FL, known for its gorgeous sandy shores and lively boardwalk. It offers a blend of residential neighborhoods, local shops, restaurants, and recreational activities, making it a well-liked destination for both residents and visitors.
  • Baldwin: Baldwin is a small community located within Duval County, near Jacksonville FL, FL, known for its historic charm and close-knit community. It features a mix of housing areas, local businesses, and scenic parks, offering a quiet, suburban atmosphere.
  • Oceanway: Oceanway is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its suburban atmosphere and child-friendly amenities. It features a variety of housing options, parks, and local businesses, making it a well-liked area for residents seeking a community-oriented environment.
  • South Jacksonville: South Jacksonville is a dynamic district in Jacksonville, FL, known for its housing areas and local businesses. It offers a combination of old-world charm and modern amenities, making it a well-liked area for households and career people.
  • Deerwood: Deerwood is a well-known neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its upscale residential communities and beautiful green spaces. It offers a mix of elegant homes, golf courses, and convenient access to shopping and dining options.
  • Baymeadows: Baymeadows is a lively district in Jacksonville, FL, known for its mix of residential neighborhoods and commercial areas. It offers a selection of shopping, dining, and recreational options, making it a popular destination for locals and visitors alike.
  • Bartram Park: Bartram Park is a lively neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its modern residential communities and proximity to nature. It offers a mix of urban amenities and outdoor recreational activities, making it a favored choice for families and professionals.
  • Nocatee: Nocatee is a master-planned community located near Jacksonville, FL, known for its kid-friendly atmosphere and extensive amenities. It features parks, trails, and recreational facilities, making it a preferred choice for residents seeking a dynamic suburban lifestyle.
  • Brooklyn: Brooklyn is a dynamic district in Jacksonville, FL, known for its classic charm and tight-knit community. It features a combination of residential homes, enterprises, and heritage sites that highlight the area's cultural wealth.
  • LaVilla: LaVilla is a historic neighborhood in Jacksonville FL, known for its rich heritage heritage and vibrant arts environment. Formerly a flourishing African American community, it had a significant part in the city's music and entertainment past.
  • Durkeeville: Durkeeville is a historic in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its robust African American heritage and active community. It features a mix of residential areas, local businesses, and cultural landmarks that demonstrate its deep roots in the city's history.
  • Fairfax: Fairfax is a lively neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its historic charm and tight-knit community. It features a mix of residences, local businesses, and parks, offering a inviting atmosphere for locals and guests alike.
  • Lackawanna: Lackawanna is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its quiet streets and neighborly atmosphere. It features a mix of single-family homes and neighborhood shops, contributing to its close-knit atmosphere within the city.
  • New Town: New Town is a noted neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, famous for its robust community spirit and deep cultural heritage. It offers a mix of residential areas, local businesses, and community organizations striving to revamp and improve the district.
  • Panama Park: Panama Park is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its calm streets and community atmosphere. It offers convenient access to local amenities and parks, making it an appealing area for households and professionals.
  • Talleyrand: Talleyrand is a historic neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its housing charm and proximity to the St. Johns River. The area includes a mix of historic homes and local businesses, reflecting its vibrant community heritage.
  • Dinsmore: Dinsmore is a residential neighborhood located in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its quiet streets and friendly atmosphere. It features a mix of single-family homes and local amenities, offering a neighborhood feel within the city.
  • Garden City: Garden City is a lively neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its blend of residential homes and local businesses. It offers a friendly community atmosphere with convenient access to city amenities.
  • Grand Park: Grand Park is a lively neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its historic charm and mixed community. It features shaded streets, local parks, and a selection of small businesses that contribute to its friendly atmosphere.
  • Highlands: Highlands is a lively neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL known for its pleasant residential streets and local parks. It offers a blend of historic homes and modern amenities, creating a friendly community atmosphere.
  • Lake Forest: Lake Forest is a residential neighborhood located in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its peaceful streets and family-friendly atmosphere. It features a mix of detached houses, parks, and local amenities, making it a appealing community for residents.
  • Paxon: Paxon is a residential neighborhood located in the west part of Jacksonville, Florida, known for its mixed community and budget-friendly housing. It features a mix of standalone residences and local businesses, contributing to its tight-knit, suburban atmosphere.
  • Ribault: Ribault is a lively neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its multicultural community and neighborhood appeal. It features a mix of classic homes and local businesses, enhancing its unique cultural identity.
  • Sherwood Forest: Sherwood Forest is a living neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its leafy streets and kid-friendly atmosphere. It features a mix of traditional and modern homes, offering a tranquil suburban feel close to city amenities.
  • Whitehouse: Whitehouse is a housing neighborhood located in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its peaceful streets and neighborly atmosphere. It features a mix of detached houses and local amenities, making it a popular area for families and professionals.
  • Cedar Hills: Cedar Hills is a thriving neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its varied community and easy access to local amenities. It offers a mix of residential and commercial areas, adding to its energetic and welcoming environment.
  • Grove Park: Grove Park is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its delightful historic homes and tree-filled streets. It offers a tight-knit community atmosphere with easy access to downtown services and parks.
  • Holiday Hill: Holiday Hill is a housing neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its calm streets and close-knit community. It offers quick access to local parks, schools, and shopping centers, making it a appealing area for families.
  • Southwind Lakes: Southwind Lakes is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL known for its serene lakes and carefully kept community spaces. It offers a quiet suburban atmosphere with easy access to local amenities and parks.
  • Secret Cove: Secret Cove is a tranquil waterfront neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its peaceful atmosphere and picturesque views. It offers a blend of residential homes and natural landscapes, making it a popular spot for outdoor enthusiasts and families.
  • Englewood: Englewood is a vibrant neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its diverse community and deep cultural heritage. It offers a combination of residential areas, local businesses, and recreational spaces, making it a active part of the city.
  • St Nicholas: St. Nicholas is a historic neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its charming early 20th-century architecture and energetic community atmosphere. It offers a variety of residential homes, local businesses, and cultural landmarks, making it a unique and inviting area within the city.
  • San Jose: San Jose is a vibrant district in Jacksonville, FL, known for its living communities and business districts. It offers a combination of suburban living with easy access to green spaces, shopping, and restaurants.
  • Pickwick Park: Pickwick Park is a living neighborhood in Jacksonville FL, known for its quiet streets and community-oriented atmosphere. It features a mix of detached houses and local amenities, making it a appealing area for families and professionals.
  • Lakewood: Lakewood is a vibrant neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL known for its historic charm and multicultural community. It features a mix of houses, local shops, and parks, offering a welcoming atmosphere for residents and visitors alike.
  • Galway: Galway is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its residential atmosphere and community-oriented living. It features a combination of detached houses and local amenities, providing a quiet and kid-friendly environment.
  • Beauclerc: Beauclerc is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its calm streets and welcoming atmosphere. It offers a mix of single-family homes and local amenities, making it a favored choice for residents seeking a residential vibe within the city.
  • Goodby's Creek: Goodby's Creek is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its tranquil atmosphere and proximity to nature. It offers a mix of suburban living with simple access to nearby amenities and parks.
  • Loretto: Loretto is a historic neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its attractive residential streets and tight-knit community atmosphere. It features a combination of architectural styles and offers easy access to downtown Jacksonville and nearby parks.
  • Sheffield: Sheffield is a housing neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its quiet streets and neighborly atmosphere. It features a combination of private residences and local parks, making it a popular area for families.
  • Sunbeam: Sunbeam is a lively neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its quaint residential streets and tight-knit community spirit. It offers a blend of historic homes and local businesses, creating a welcoming atmosphere for residents and visitors alike.
  • Killarney Shores: Killarney Shores is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville FL, Florida, famous for its quiet streets and tight-knit community. It gives convenient access to local parks, schools, and shopping centers, making it a appealing area for families.
  • Royal Lakes: Royal Lakes is a residential neighborhood in Jacksonville FL, known for its serene environment and kid-friendly atmosphere. It features well-maintained homes, local parks, and convenient access to nearby schools and shopping centers.
  • Craig Industrial Park: Craig Industrial Park is a business and manufacturing area in Jacksonville, FL, known for its combination of warehouses, production plants, and logistics hubs. It serves as a important hub for local businesses and contributes greatly to the city's economy.
  • Eastport: Eastport is a dynamic neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its heritage charm and waterfront views. It offers a mix of residential areas, local businesses, and recreational spaces along the St. Johns River.
  • Yellow Bluff: Yellow Bluff is a living neighborhood in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its peaceful streets and close-knit community. It offers a mix of suburban homes and community amenities, providing a cozy living environment.
  • Normandy Village: Normandy Village is a living community in Jacksonville, FL, famous for its mid-20th-century houses and kid-friendly atmosphere. It features convenient access to nearby parks, schools, and malls, making it popular among residents.
  • Argyle Forest: Argyle Forest represents a residential community in Jacksonville, FL, recognized for its family-oriented environment and close access to shopping and educational institutions. It includes a variety of single-family homes, parks, and recreational facilities, which makes it a popular choice for suburban living.
  • Cecil Commerce Center: Cecil Commerce Center is a extensive industrial and commercial district in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its strategic location and comprehensive transportation infrastructure. It serves as a focal point for logistics, manufacturing, and distribution businesses, playing a key role in the local economy.
  • Venetia: Venetia is a housing neighborhood in Jacksonville FL, known for its peaceful streets and family-friendly atmosphere. It offers convenient access to local parks, schools, and shopping centers, making it a favored area for families.
  • Ortega Forest: Ortega Forest is a pleasant housing neighborhood in Jacksonville, FL, known for its classic homes and green, tree-lined streets. It offers a peaceful suburban atmosphere while being conveniently close to downtown Jacksonville.
  • Timuquana: Timuquana is a residential neighborhood located in Jacksonville FL, known for its quiet streets and community parks. It offers a combination of single-family homes and easy access to nearby amenities and schools.
  • San Jose Forest: San Jose Forest is a living neighborhood located in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its green greenery and kid-friendly atmosphere. The area features a variety of single-family homes and local parks, offering a serene suburban environment.
  • E-Town: E-Town is a dynamic neighborhood located in Jacksonville, Florida, known for its varied community and historical significance. It features a combination of residential areas, local businesses, and cultural landmarks that contribute to its unique character.

  1. Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens: The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens exhibits a varied collection of art representing various periods and cultures. Guests can also explore beautiful formal gardens with views of the St. Johns River in Jacksonville FL.
  2. Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens: Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens displays a diverse range of creatures and plants from around the world. It offers captivating exhibits, educational activities, and preservation efforts for guests of all ages. Jacksonville FL
  3. Museum of Science and History: This Museum of Science & History in Jacksonville FL features interactive exhibits and a planetarium suitable for all ages. Visitors can explore science, history, and culture through interesting displays and informative programs.
  4. Kingsley Plantation: Kingsley Plantation is a historical site that offers a peek into Florida's plantation history, encompassing the lives of enslaved people and the planter family. Visitors can investigate the grounds, including the slave quarters, plantation house, and barn. Jacksonville FL
  5. Fort Caroline National Memorial: Fort Caroline National Memorial remembers the 16th-century French effort to establish a colony in Florida. It offers exhibits and trails examining the history and natural environment of the area in Jacksonville FL.
  6. Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve: Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve safeguards one of the remaining pristine coastal marshes on the Atlantic Coast. It preserves the history of the Timucuan Indians, European explorers, and plantation owners.
  7. Friendship Fountain: Friendship Fountain is a huge, famous water fountain in Jacksonville FL. It features striking water displays and lights, making it a favorite attraction and place to gather.
  8. Riverside Arts Market: Riverside Arts Market in Jacksonville FL, is a lively week-to-week arts and crafts market under the Fuller Warren Bridge. It features local craftspeople, on-stage music, food sellers, and a gorgeous scene of the St. Johns River.
  9. San Marco Square: San Marco Square is a lovely retail and dining district with a European-inspired ambiance. It is known for its upscale shops, restaurants, and the famous fountain featuring lions. Jacksonville FL
  10. St Johns Town Center: St. Johns Town Center is an exclusive open-air shopping mall in Jacksonville FL, featuring a mix of high-end stores, popular labels, and eateries. It is a leading spot for shopping, eating, and entertainment in North East Florida.
  11. Avondale Historic District: Avondale Historic District presents charming early 20th-century architecture and unique shops. It's a dynamic neighborhood recognized for its nearby restaurants and historic character. Jacksonville FL
  12. Treaty Oak Park: Treaty Oak Park is a beautiful park in Jacksonville FL, home to a huge, centuries-old oak tree. The park offers a calm retreat with trails and scenic views of the St. Johns River.
  13. Little Talbot Island State Park: Little Talbot Island State Park in Jacksonville FL provides pristine shores and varied ecosystems. Visitors can experience activities like hiking, camping, and observing wildlife in this unspoiled coastal environment.
  14. Big Talbot Island State Park: Big Talbot Island State Park in Jacksonville FL, offers amazing coastal scenery and diverse ecosystems for outdoor lovers. Discover the one-of-a-kind boneyard beach, hike scenic trails, and observe plentiful wildlife in this gorgeous natural preserve.
  15. Kathryn Abbey Hanna Park: Kathryn Abbey Hanna Park in Jacksonville FL, provides a stunning beach, forested paths, and a 60-acre freshwater lake for recreation. It's a favored spot for camping, surfing, kayaking, and biking.
  16. Jacksonville Arboretum and Gardens: Jacksonville Arboretum & Gardens provides a lovely natural escape with varied trails and specialty gardens. Visitors can explore a variety of plant life and relish serene outdoor recreation.
  17. Memorial Park: Memorial Park is a 5.25-acre park that acts as a homage to the over 1,200 Floridians who gave their lives in World War I. The park includes a sculpture, pool, and gardens, providing a space for remembrance and thought. Jacksonville FL
  18. Hemming Park: Hemming Park is Jacksonville FL's most ancient park, a historical public square hosting events, markets, and social gatherings. It offers a lush space in the center of downtown with art exhibits and a lively ambiance.
  19. Metropolitan Park: Metropolitan Park in Jacksonville FL provides a beautiful waterfront setting for gatherings and leisure. Featuring play areas, a concert venue, and breathtaking views, it's a favorite destination for residents and visitors alike.
  20. Confederate Park: Confederate Park in Jacksonville FL, was initially named to honor rebel soldiers and sailors. It has since been redesignated and transformed as a place for community events and recreation.
  21. Beaches Museum and History Park: Beaches Museum and History Park preserves and communicates the distinct history of Jacksonville's beaches. Investigate exhibits on nearby life-saving, surfing, and original beach communities.
  22. Atlantic Beach: The city of Atlantic Beach provides a lovely coastal community with stunning beaches and a calm atmosphere. People can experience surfing, swimming, and investigating local shops and restaurants near Jacksonville FL.
  23. Neptune Beach: The city of Neptune Beach gives a classic Florida beach town feeling with its sandy beaches and easygoing atmosphere. Visitors can partake in surfing, swimming, and exploring local shops and restaurants near Jacksonville FL.
  24. Jacksonville Beach: Jacksonville Beach is a vibrant coastal city well-known for its grainy beaches and surfing scene. It offers a mix of recreational activities, restaurants, and nightlife along the Atlantic Ocean.
  25. Huguenot Memorial Park: Huguenot Memorial Park offers a stunning beachfront location with options for campgrounds, fishing, and birdwatching. Visitors can savor the natural charm of the region with its diverse wildlife and scenic coastal views in Jacksonville FL.
  26. Castaway Island Preserve: Castaway Island Preserve in Jacksonville FL, offers picturesque trails and walkways through diverse habitats. Guests can enjoy walks in nature, bird watching, and discovering the beauty of the shoreline environment.
  27. Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park: Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park in Jacksonville FL preserves the dirt remnants of a Civil War Southern fort. Visitors can discover the historic site and discover about its meaning by way of interpretive exhibits.
  28. Mandarin Museum & Historical Society: The Mandarin Museum & Historical Society safeguards the past of the Mandarin in Jacksonville FL. Guests can explore exhibits and artifacts that highlight the area's unique past.
  29. Museum of Southern History: The Museum of Southern History presents artifacts and displays connected to the history and culture of the Southern United States. Guests are able to investigate a range of topics, such as the Civil War, slavery, and Southern art and literature. Jacksonville FL
  30. The Catty Shack Ranch Wildlife Sanctuary: The Catty Shack Ranch Wildlife Sanctuary in Jacksonville FL, provides escorted walking tours to see rescued big cats and other uncommon animals. It's a not-for-profit organization dedicated to offering a safe, loving, forever home for these animals.

  • Air Conditioning Installation: Correct placement of cooling systems assures good and pleasant indoor climates. This crucial process ensures peak performance and longevity of climate control units.
  • Air Conditioner: Air Conditioners chill inside spaces by removing heat and humidity. Proper installation by certified technicians guarantees effective performance and ideal climate control.
  • Hvac: Hvac systems control heat and air's condition. They are vital for setting up environmental control solutions in buildings.
  • Thermostat: A Thermostat is the primary component for adjusting temperature in HVAC systems. It signals the cooling unit to activate and deactivate, keeping the preferred indoor environment.
  • Refrigerant: Refrigerant is crucial for temperature control systems, absorbing heat to generate cool air. Proper management of refrigerants is critical during HVAC installation for effective and secure operation.
  • Compressor: This Compressor is a vital heart of your cooling system, pressurizing refrigerant. The process is essential for efficient temperature regulation in climate control systems.
  • Evaporator Coil: An Evaporator Coil absorbs heat from inside air, bringing it down. This component is essential for efficient climate control system setup in buildings.
  • Condenser Coil: This Condenser Coil serves as an important component in refrigeration systems, dissipating heat outside. It promotes the heat exchange needed for efficient indoor climate management.
  • Ductwork: Ductwork is essential for dispersing treated air throughout a building. Suitable duct layout and setup are critical for efficient climate control system positioning.
  • Ventilation: Effective Ventilation is crucial for proper airflow and indoor air standard. It plays a vital role in assuring optimal operation and effectiveness of climate control systems.
  • Heat Pump: Heat Pumps transfer heat, providing both heating and cooling. They are essential parts in contemporary climate control system installations, providing energy-efficient temperature regulation.
  • Split System: Split System offer both cooling and heating via an indoor unit connected to an outdoor compressor. They offer a ductless answer for temperature regulation in specific rooms or areas.
  • Central Air Conditioning: Central air conditioning systems cool whole homes from a single, powerful unit. Proper installation of these systems is crucial for streamlined and effective home cooling.
  • Energy Efficiency Ratio: Energy Efficiency Ratio measures cooling efficiency: higher Energy Efficiency Ratio indicates improved performance and lower energy consumption for climate control systems. Choosing a unit with a good Energy Efficiency Ratio can substantially lower long-term costs when setting up a new climate control system.
  • Variable Speed Compressor: Variable Speed Compressors adjust refrigeration output to match need, improving efficiency and comfort in climate control systems. This accurate modulation reduces energy waste and keeps uniform temperatures in building environments.
  • Compressor Maintenance: Compressor Maintenance ensures efficient performance and lifespan in refrigeration systems. Ignoring it can lead to costly repairs or system failures when setting up climate control.
  • Air Filter: Air Filter trap dust and particles, ensuring clean air flow within HVAC systems. This improves system efficiency and indoor air condition throughout climate control process.
  • Installation Manual: An Installation Manual provides crucial guidance for correctly installing a cooling system. It guarantees correct procedures are used for peak performance and safety during the unit's setup.
  • Electrical Wiring: Electrical Wiring is vital for supplying power to and regulating the components of climate control systems. Proper wiring assures safe and effective operation of the cooling and heating units.
  • Indoor Unit: The Indoor Unit distributes treated air within a room. It's a critical part for HVAC systems, ensuring proper temperature regulation in structures.
  • Outdoor Unit: The Outdoor Unit houses the compressor and condenser, releasing heat outside. It's crucial for a complete climate control system installation, ensuring efficient cooling inside.
  • Maintenance: Routine care ensures efficient performance and extends the lifespan of climate control systems. Proper Maintenance prevents failures and improves the efficiency of installed cooling setups.
  • Energy Efficiency: Energy Efficiency is crucial for reducing energy consumption and expenses when installing new climate control systems. Emphasizing effective equipment and proper installation reduces environmental effect and increases long-term savings.
  • Thermodynamics: Thermo explains how heat transfers and converts energy, vital for cooling system setup. Efficient climate control creation relies on Thermodynamics principles to maximize energy use during setup location.
  • Building Codes: Building Codes ensure suitable and safe HVAC system installation in structures. They control aspects such as energy efficiency and air flow for climate control systems.
  • Load Calculation: Load calculations figures out the warming and chilling demands of a room. This is crucial for picking correctly sized HVAC units for optimal climate control.
  • Mini Split: Mini Splits provide a ductless approach to temperature management, offering focused heating and cooling. The ease of placement renders them suitable for spaces where adding ductwork for temperature control is impractical.
  • Air Handler: The Air Handler circulates conditioned air throughout a building. It is a vital component for correct climate control system installation.
  • Insulation: Insulation is vital for keeping effective temperature regulation within a building. It minimizes heat transfer, reducing the burden on air conditioning and improving temperature setups.
  • Drainage System: Drainage systems clear liquids created by cooling equipment. Adequate drainage stops water damage and assures effective operation of air conditioning setups.
  • Filter: Strainers are critical components that remove pollutants from the air during the setup of climate control systems. This guarantees cleaner air flow and protects the system's internal parts.
  • Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning: Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning systems regulate inside environment by controlling temperature, humidity, and air quality. Proper installation of these systems guarantees efficient and productive cooling and environmental control within buildings.
  • Split System Air Conditioner: Split system air conditioners provide efficient refrigeration and heating by separating the compressor and condenser from the air handler. Their design eases the process of setting up climate control in residences and businesses.
  • Hvac Technician: Hvac Technicians are qualified experts who specialize in the setup of temperature regulation systems. They ensure correct operation and effectiveness of these systems for ideal indoor well-being.
  • Indoor Air Quality: The quality of indoor air significantly impacts well-being and health, so HVAC system setup should emphasize filtration and ventilation. Correct system planning and installation is essential for optimizing air quality.
  • Condensate Drain: The Condensate Drain eliminates water created during the cooling operation, stopping damage and keeping system efficiency. Correct drain setup is vital for successful climate control installation and extended performance.
  • Variable Refrigerant Flow: Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems precisely control refrigerant volume to various zones, offering tailored cooling and heating. The technology is essential for establishing effective and adaptable climate control in building setups.
  • Building Automation System: Building automation systems coordinate and optimize the functioning of HVAC devices. This leads to enhanced climate control and energy efficiency in buildings.
  • Air Conditioning: HVAC systems control indoor temperature and atmosphere. Proper setup of these systems is vital for optimized and effective Air Conditioning.
  • Temperature Control: Accurate temperature control is crucial for effective climate control system setup. It guarantees peak performance and comfort in newly installed cooling systems.
  • Thermistor: Temperature-sensitive resistors are thermistors used in climate control systems to accurately measure air temperature. This data assists to control system operation, guaranteeing peak performance and energy efficiency in environmental control setups.
  • Thermocouple: Thermocouples are devices essential for guaranteeing proper HVAC system installation. They precisely measure temperature, allowing precise modifications and peak climate control function.
  • Digital Thermostat: These devices precisely regulate temperature, improving HVAC system performance. They are essential for setting up home climate control systems, guaranteeing effective and comfortable environments.
  • Programmable Thermostat: Programmable Thermostats improve HVAC systems by allowing customized temperature routines. This leads to improved energy efficiency and comfort in residential AC setups.
  • Smart Thermostat: Clever thermostats improve house climate control by learning user desires and adjusting temperatures on their own. They play a critical role in today's HVAC system configurations, enhancing energy savings and convenience.
  • Bimetallic Strip: A Bimetallic Strip, composed of two metals that have different expansion rates, bends in reaction to temperature variations. This characteristic is used in HVAC systems to operate thermostats and adjust heating or cooling processes.
  • Capillary Tube Thermostat: The Capillary Tube Thermostat precisely controls temperature in cooling systems via remote sensing. This component is essential for keeping desired climate control within buildings.
  • Thermostatic Expansion Valve: The Thermostatic Expansion Valve regulates refrigerant flow into the evaporator, keeping optimal cooling. This component is critical for effective operation of refrigeration and climate control systems in buildings.
  • Setpoint: Setpoint is the desired temperature a climate management system aims to achieve. It guides the system's performance during climate management configurations to preserve preferred comfort degrees.
  • Temperature Sensor: Temperature sensing devices are vital for controlling heating, ventilation, and cooling systems by monitoring air temperature and guaranteeing efficient climate control. Their data assists improve system performance during climate control installation and maintenance.
  • Feedback Loop: The Feedback Loop assists with regulating temperature throughout climate control system installation by constantly monitoring and modifying settings. This guarantees peak performance and energy efficiency of installed residential cooling.
  • Control System: Control Systems control heat, humidity, and air circulation in environmental conditioning setups. These systems guarantee peak comfort and energy savings in temperature-controlled environments.
  • Thermal Equilibrium: Thermal Equilibrium is achieved when components attain the same temperature, essential for efficient climate control system installation. Proper equilibrium ensures peak performance and energy savings in installed cooling systems.
  • Thermal Conductivity: Thermal Conductivity dictates how effectively materials move heat, affecting the cooling system setup. Selecting materials with appropriate thermal properties guarantees optimal performance of installed climate control systems.
  • Thermal Insulation: Thermal Insulation minimizes heat transfer, making sure of efficient cooling by lessening the workload on climate control systems. This boosts energy efficiency and preserves consistent temperatures in buildings.
  • On Off Control: On Off Control keeps desired temperatures by completely activating or deactivating cooling systems. This easy method is important for regulating environment within buildings during environmental control system configuration .
  • Pid Controller: PID Controllers accurately control temps in HVAC systems. This makes sure efficient climate control during facility temperature setup and functioning.
  • Evaporator: This Evaporator takes in heat from within a location, chilling the air. This is a vital part in temperature control systems designed for home comfort.
  • Condenser: The Condenser unit is a key part in cooling equipment, transferring heat removed from the indoor space to the external environment. Its correct installation is key for effective climate control system location and performance.
  • Chlorofluorocarbon: Chlorofluorocarbons have been once common refrigerants which helped with refrigeration in many building systems. Their part has decreased because of environmental concerns about ozone depletion.
  • Hydrofluorocarbon: Hydrofluorocarbons are refrigerants commonly used in refrigeration systems for buildings and vehicles. Their correct treatment is essential during the establishment of environmental control systems to avoid environmental damage and ensure effective operation.
  • Hydrochlorofluorocarbon: HCFCs were once regularly used refrigerants in climate control systems for structures. Their removal has caused the implementation of more sustainable options for new HVAC systems.
  • Global Warming Potential: Global Warming Potential (GWP) shows how much a certain mass of greenhouse gas contributes to global warming over a specified period compared to carbon dioxide. Selecting refrigerants with lower GWP is crucial when building climate control systems to minimize environmental effects.
  • Ozone Depletion: Ozone Depletion from refrigerants poses environmental risks. Technicians servicing cooling units must adhere to regulations to prevent further harm.
  • Phase Change: Phase Changes of refrigerants are key for efficiently transferring heat in climate control systems. Evaporation and condensation processes allow cooling by taking in heat indoors and expelling it outdoors.
  • Heat Transfer: Heat Transfer principles are vital for efficient climate control system installation. Grasping conduction, convection, and radiation guarantees optimal system operation and energy savings during the process of installing home cooling.
  • Refrigeration Cycle: The Refrigeration Cycle moves heat, allowing refrigeration in climate-control systems. Correct installation and upkeep make sure of effective operation and longevity of these refrigeration solutions.
  • Environmental Protection Agency: EPA controls refrigerants and sets standards for HVAC system servicing to protect the ozone layer and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Technicians working with cooling equipment must be certified to ensure proper refrigerant handling and prevent environmental damage.
  • Leak Detection: Leak Detection makes certain the soundness of refrigerant pipes after climate control system placement. Spotting and fixing leaks is vital for peak performance and ecological safety of newly installed climate control systems.
  • Pressure Gauge: Pressure Gauge are critical tools for monitoring refrigerant levels during HVAC system setup. They assure optimal performance and prevent damage by verifying pressures are within defined ranges for proper cooling operation.
  • Expansion Valve: This Expansion Valve modulates refrigerant stream in refrigeration systems, allowing for efficient heat uptake. It's a key component for maximum performance in climate control setups.
  • Cooling Capacity: Cooling Capacity determines how well a system can reduce the temperature of a room. Choosing the correct capacity is important for optimal performance in placement of environmental control systems.
  • Refrigerant Recovery: Refrigerant Recovery is the procedure of removing and storing refrigerants during HVAC system setups. Correctly recovering refrigerants stops environmental harm and guarantees effective new cooling equipment installations.
  • Refrigerant Recycling: Refrigerant Recycling recovers and reuses refrigerants, lessening environmental impact. This process is essential when installing climate control systems, guaranteeing proper disposal and preventing ozone depletion.
  • Safety Data Sheet: Safety Data Sheets (SDS) offer vital information on the secure handling and possible hazards of chemicals utilized in cooling system setup. Technicians use SDS data to protect themselves and prevent accidents during HVAC equipment installation and connection.
  • Synthetic Refrigerant: Synthetic Refrigerants are essential fluids used in cooling systems to transfer heat. Their correct handling is key for effective climate control installation and maintenance.
  • Heat Exchange: Heat Exchange is crucial for cooling buildings, enabling effective temperature control. It's a key process in climate control system configuration, assisting the movement of heat to supply comfortable indoor spaces.
  • Cooling Cycle: The Cooling Cycle is the basic procedure of heat extraction, using refrigerant to absorb and release heat. This cycle is essential for efficient climate control system setup in buildings.
  • Scroll Compressor: Scroll compressors efficiently compress refrigerant for cooling systems. They are a key component for effective temperature regulation in buildings.
  • Reciprocating Compressor: Piston pumps are crucial components that compress refrigerant in cooling systems. They facilitate heat transfer , enabling effective climate control within structures.
  • Centrifugal Compressor: Centrifugal Compressors are key components that boost refrigerant pressure in big climate control systems. They effectively move refrigerant, enabling efficient cooling and heating across extensive areas.
  • Rotary Compressor: Rotary Compressors are a critical component in refrigeration systems, using a spinning device to compress refrigerant. Their effectiveness and compact size make them perfect for climate control setups in various applications.
  • Compressor Motor: The Compressor Motor is the driving force for the cooling process, moving refrigerant. It is vital for proper climate control system installation and function in buildings.
  • Compressor Oil: Compressor lubricant oils and seals mechanical parts inside a systems' compressor, ensuring efficient refrigerant compression for suitable climate control. It is important to select the correct type of oil during system setup to guarantee longevity and optimal performance of the cooling appliance.
  • Pressure Switch: The Pressure Switch checks refrigerant amounts, ensuring the system operates safely. It prevents damage by shutting down the cooling device if pressure falls outside the ok spectrum.
  • Compressor Relay: The Compressor Relay is an electrical switch that controls the compressor motor in cooling systems. It ensures the compressor starts and stops properly, enabling effective temperature control within climate control setups.
  • Suction Line: A Suction Line, a vital part in cooling systems, moves refrigerant vapor from the evaporator to the compressor. Correct sizing and insulation of this line is critical for effective system performance during climate control setup.
  • Discharge Line: This discharge line moves hot, high-pressure refrigerant gas from the compressor to the condenser. Proper dimensioning and installation of the Discharge Line are essential for optimal cooling system configuration.
  • Compressor Capacity: Compressor Capacity dictates the cooling capability of a system for indoor climate control. Choosing the right capacity ensures effective temperature control during climate control installation.
  • Cooling Load: Cooling Load is the quantity of heat that must to be removed from a space to keep a preferred temperature. Accurate cooling load calculation is crucial for appropriate HVAC system installation and size.
  • Air Conditioning Repair: Air Conditioning Repair ensures systems function optimally after they are setup. It's essential for keeping effective climate control systems put in place.
  • Refrigerant Leak: Refrigerant Leaks reduce cooling efficiency and can result in equipment malfunction. Fixing these leaks is vital for appropriate climate control system setup, ensuring optimal operation and longevity.
  • Seer Rating: SEER score represents an HVAC system's cooling efficiency, affecting long-term energy costs. Elevated SEER numbers imply increased energy conservation when setting up climate control.
  • Hspf Rating: HSPF Rating indicates the heating effectiveness of heat pumps. Increased ratings suggest better energy effectiveness during climate control configuration.
  • Preventative Maintenance: Preventative servicing makes sure HVAC systems function efficiently and reliably after setup. Routine upkeep minimizes breakdowns and extends the lifespan of HVAC setups.
  • Airflow: Airflow assures effective cooling and heating distribution throughout a building. Suitable Airflow is essential for optimal operation and comfort in climate control systems.
  • Electrical Components: Electrical Components are vital for powering and managing systems that regulate indoor climate. They ensure correct operation, safety, and efficiency in heating and cooling setups.
  • Refrigerant Charging: Refrigerant Charging is the procedure of introducing the correct quantity of refrigerant to a cooling system. This guarantees best performance and efficiency when installing climate control units.
  • System Diagnosis: The System Diagnosis process detects potential issues before, while, and following HVAC system setup. It ensures best performance and hinders future problems in climate control installations.
  • Hvac System: Hvac System control heat, moisture, and atmosphere quality in structures. They are critical for creating climate-control solutions in residential and commercial areas.
  • Ductless Air Conditioning: Ductless systems provide focused temperature control without large ductwork. They simplify temperature control setup in rooms lacking existing duct systems.
  • Window Air Conditioner: Window air conditioners are self-contained units placed in windows to chill individual spaces. They provide a simple method for localized temperature regulation within a building.
  • Portable Air Conditioner: Portable Air Conditioner units provide a versatile cooling option for spaces lacking central systems. They can also offer short-term temperature regulation during HVAC system configurations.
  • System Inspection: System check ensures proper setup of cooling systems by verifying part condition and adherence to installation standards. This procedure ensures efficient operation and prevents future malfunctions in climate control systems.
  • Coil Cleaning: Cleaning coils ensures effective heat transfer, crucial for peak system performance. This maintenance process is essential for proper setup of climate control systems.
  • Refrigerant Recharge: Refrigerant Recharge is essential for restoring cooling capacity in climate control systems. It assures peak function and lifespan of newly set up environmental regulation units.
  • Capacitor: These devices provide the needed energy boost to start and operate motors within climate control systems. Their proper function ensures efficient and reliable operation of the cooling unit.
  • Contactor: A Contactor serves as an electrical switch which controls power to the outdoor unit's components. It enables the cooling system to activate when necessary.
  • Blower Motor: The Blower Motor moves air through the ductwork, enabling efficient heating and cooling delivery within a building. It is a key component for indoor climate control systems, ensuring stable temperature and airflow.
  • Overheating: Overheating can severely hamper the functionality of recently installed climate control systems. Technicians must fix this issue to guarantee effective and dependable cooling operation.
  • Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting identifies and resolves problems that arise during climate control system installation. Effective fixing ensures optimal system performance and stops later problems during building cooling appliance installation.
  • Refrigerant Reclaiming: Refrigerant Reclaiming retrieves and reprocesses spent refrigerants. This process is vital for eco-friendly climate control system setup.
  • Global Warming: Global Warming increases the demand or for cooling systems, requiring demanding more frequent setups installations. This heightened increased need drives fuels innovation in energy-efficient power-saving climate control solutions options.
  • Montreal Protocol: This Montreal Protocol eliminates ozone-depleting materials utilized in cooling systems. This shift necessitates utilizing alternative refrigerants in new climate control setups.
  • Greenhouse Gas: Greenhouse Gas trap warmth, affecting the power efficiency and environmental footprint of climate control system configurations. Selecting refrigerants with reduced global warming potential is crucial for eco-friendly weather control implementation.
  • Cfc: Chlorofluorocarbons were once critical refrigerants in cooling systems for buildings and vehicles. Their use has been phased out due to their detrimental impact on the ozone layer.
  • Hcfc: HCFCs were previously common refrigerants utilized in cooling systems for buildings and vehicles. They facilitated the process of setting up climate control systems, but are now being phased out due to their ozone-depleting properties.
  • Hfc: HFCs are frequently used refrigerants in refrigeration systems for buildings. Their proper handling is essential during the setup of these systems to lessen environmental impact.
  • Refrigerant Oil: Refrigerant oil lubricates the compressor in refrigeration units, assuring smooth operation and longevity. It's essential for the correct operation of climate control setups.
  • Phase-Out: Phase-out refers to the gradual removal of specific refrigerants with elevated global warming potential. This affects the choice and maintenance of climate control systems in buildings.
  • Gwp: GWP indicates a refrigerant's potential to warm the planet if discharged. Lower GWP refrigerants are progressively preferred in climate-friendly HVAC system configurations.
  • Odp: Odp refrigerants damage the ozone layer, affecting regulations for refrigeration system setup. Installers must utilize ozone-friendly alternatives during climate control equipment placement.
  • Ashrae: ASHRAE defines criteria and guidelines for HVAC systems installation. The standards assure optimized and secure climate control system implementation in structures.
  • Hvac Systems: Hvac Systems offer temperature and air quality control for indoor environments. They are essential for setting up cooling setups in buildings.
  • Refrigerant Leaks: Refrigerant Leaks lessen cooling system efficiency and may damage the environment. Appropriate procedures during climate control unit installation are crucial to prevent these leaks and guarantee best performance.
  • Hvac Repair Costs: Hvac Repair Costs can significantly affect choices about switching to a new climate control system. Unforeseen repair costs may encourage homeowners to put money in a full home cooling system for future savings.
  • Hvac Installation: Hvac Installation involves setting up heating, air flow, and cooling units. It's critical for allowing efficient climate control within buildings.
  • Hvac Maintenance: Hvac Maintenance ensures effective performance and prolongs system life. Proper maintenance is essential for seamless climate control system installations.
  • Hvac Troubleshooting: Hvac Troubleshooting identifies and resolves problems in heating, ventilation, and cooling systems. It ensures peak performance during climate control unit setup and operation.
  • Zoning Systems: Zoning Systems split a building into individual areas for customized temperature regulation. This method improves well-being and energy savings during HVAC configuration.
  • Compressor Types: Various Compressor Types are vital parts for efficient climate control systems. Their selection greatly impacts system efficiency and performance in environmental comfort uses.
  • Compressor Efficiency: Compressor Efficiency is vital, determining how effectively the system cools a room for a given energy input. Improving this efficiency directly impacts cooling system setup costs and long-term operational expenses.
  • Compressor Overheating: Compressor Overheating can seriously damage the unit's heart, resulting in system failure. Proper installation ensures adequate airflow and refrigerant levels, avoiding this issue in climate control system placements.
  • Compressor Failure: Compressor malfunction stops the cooling process, needing expert service during climate control system setups. A faulty compressor jeopardizes the entire system's efficiency and longevity when integrating it into a building.
  • Overload Protector: An protects the compressor motor from getting too hot during climate control system setup. It stops damage by automatically shutting off power when excessive current or temperature is detected.
  • Fan Motor: Fan motors move air across evaporator and condenser coils, a crucial process for effective climate control system installation. They facilitate heat exchange, guaranteeing peak cooling and heating operation within the designated space.
  • Refrigerant Lines: Refrigerant Lines are critical components that connect the indoor and outside units, circulating refrigerant to facilitate cooling. Their proper correct installation is vital for streamlined and productive climate control system installation.
  • Condensing Unit: The Condensing Unit is the outdoor component in a cooling system. The unit removes heat from the refrigerant, allowing indoor temperature regulation.
  • Heat Rejection: Heat Rejection is vital for refrigeration systems to effectively remove unwanted heat from a conditioned space. Correct Heat Rejection ensures optimal performance and lifespan of climate control systems.
  • System Efficiency: System Efficiency is vital for minimizing energy consumption and operational expenses. Optimizing efficiency during climate control configuration ensures long-term economy and environmental benefits.
  • Pressure Drop: Pressure decrease is the decrease in fluid pressure as it moves through a setup, impacting airflow in environmental control setups. Properly controlling pressure decrease is vital for optimal performance and efficiency in environmental comfort systems.
  • Subcooling: Subcooling process guarantees optimal equipment operation by cooling the refrigerant under its condensing temperature. This action prevents flash gas, boosting cooling power and efficiency throughout HVAC equipment setup.
  • Superheat: Superheat ensures that just vapor refrigerant enters the compressor, preventing damage. It's important to measure superheat during HVAC system installation to optimize cooling capabilities and efficiency.
  • Refrigerant Charge: Refrigerant Charge is the quantity of refrigerant in a unit, vital for optimal cooling performance. Proper charging guarantees efficient heat transfer and prevents damage during climate control setup.
  • Corrosion: Rust impairs metallic elements, potentially causing leakage and system failures. Protecting against Corrosion is vital for keeping the effectiveness and lifespan of climate control setups.
  • Fins: Blades boost the surface area of coils, boosting heat transfer efficiency. This is vital for peak performance in HVAC system setups.
  • Copper Tubing: Copper Tubing is essential for refrigerant transfer in HVAC systems due to its long-lasting nature and efficient heat transfer. Its reliable connections ensure correct system function during setup of thermostat units.
  • Aluminum Tubing: Aluminum Tubing is crucial for transporting refrigerant in HVAC systems. Its lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties make it ideal for connecting internal and external units in HVAC setups.
  • Repair Costs: Unforeseen repairs can significantly affect the overall expense of setting up a new climate control system. Budgeting for potential Repair Costs ensures a more accurate and comprehensive cost assessment when implementing such a system.

Bold City Heating & Air

4.9(1,687)

Air conditioning repair service·

Overview

Reviews

About

Directions

Save

Nearby

Send to phone

Share

Book online

8400 Baymeadows Way Suite 1, Jacksonville, FL 32256, United States

Open 24 hours

boldcityac.com

boldcityac.com

+1 904-379-1648

6C9C+2H Baymeadows Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA

Identifies as veteran-owned

Your Maps activity

Add a label

Suggest an edit

From the owner

That Florida sun? It doesn’t play. Prepping your HVAC system now means cool breezes later. Clean filters ✔️ Check refrigerant ✔️ Program thermostats ✔️ 🔥 Be heatwave-ready with Bold City Heating & Air! Book your seasonal check-up and beat the summer rush!

3 days ago

Updates from customers

Randolph and the crew were so nice and they did a AWESOME Job of putting in new ductwork & installation. Great group of guys. RT would answer any questions you had. Felt comfortable with them in my home. From the girl at the front desk to everyone involved Thank You!! I Appreciate you all. I definitely would recommend this company to anyone 😊

a year ago

Popular times

Mondays

6a

9a

12p

3p

6p

9p

12a

3a

Photos & videos

All

Latest11 days ago

Videos

Inside

By owner

Street View & 360°

Add photos & videos

Questions and answers

Why would an AC heater not be turning on?

An AC heater may not turn on due to power issues like tripped circuit breakers, blown fuses, or loose wiring, thermostat problems such as dead batteries, incorrect settings, or a faulty unit, or safety features engaging due to clogged filte …

6 months ago

More questions

Ask the community

Review summary

5

4

3

2

1

4.9

1,687 reviews

"Best price and service I have ever had with an HVAC partner"

"Excellent workmanship, knowledgeable, friendly staff from owner to employees."

"They’ve been charging the service contract now the unit does not work."

Write a review

Reviews

Sort

All

company233

job98

call55

ducts51

+6

Abe Fernandez

11 reviews · 11 photos

a week ago

New

DO NOT HIRE THIS COMPANY. TOOK THEM TO COURT AND WON!

We hired Bold City Heating and Air to replace all our air ducts, and the work they performed was shockingly defective. After the job was done we noticed that … More

+4

Like

Share

Kenneth Jefferson

5 reviews · 3 photos

2 months ago

Jacob; Ben & Josie were very professional and efficient. If I could give 10 stars I would. Very knowledgeable and they kept me informed throughout the whole process of my complete AC installation. The entire process was easy with Bold City … More

Like

Share

Response from the owner 2 months ago

Thank you so much for your fantastic 5-star review, Kenneth & Monique! We're thrilled to hear that Jacob, Ben, and Josie provided you with professional and efficient service during your complete AC installation. At Bold City Heating & Air, … More

WILLIAM MOSIER

2 reviews · 4 photos

a month ago

Crew showed up on time got done earlier than expected. Everything was clean. They were quiet. I was able to work throughout the day while they were installing. Couldn’t have been more perfect. Happy with the service.

Like

Share

Response from the owner a month ago

Thank you so much for your fantastic 5-star review, William! We're thrilled to hear that our team at Bold City Heating & Air made the installation process seamless and respectful of your work day. We appreciate your support and are glad you’re happy with our service! Let us know if you need anything else in the future!

More reviews (1,684)

People also search for

Air McCall

4.9(1,471)

HVAC contractor

Indoor Quality Heating & Air

4.7(43)

HVAC contractor

Ball Air Conditioning, Inc.

4.6(62)

Air conditioning contractor

Hammond Heating & Air Conditioning

4.9(1,098)

HVAC contractor

Florida Home Air Conditioning

4.3(2,883)

Air conditioning repair service

Web results

About this data

Bold City Heating & Air

HVAC & Air Conditioning Repair in Jacksonville, FL

Bold City offers premium HVAC service and competitive pricing to the Jacksonville, Jacksonville Beaches and Ponte Vedra areas.

24/7 Fast and Reliable. Jacksonville Grown. Family Owned & Operated.

Schedule Now
Bold City Heating & Air Mascot

Summer HVAC Tune Up for Just $89

Get your system ready for the heat!

We’ll inspect, clean, and fine tune your HVAC to boost efficiency, prevent breakdowns, and keep you cool all season long.

View Coupon

Jacksonville’s Best HVAC Company

At Bold City Heating & Air, we offer our customers exceptional service when it comes to HVAC in Jacksonville, FL.

From heating and cooling repairs to energy-efficient HVAC installations that save you money, we do it all. When we opened our family-owned business in 2016, we knew we wanted to be the best around and that’s a passion that still stands.

From the moment you call us to the moment we carry out our work, you can depend on us. We believe in clear upfront pricing, no hidden costs, and the highest level of workmanship. With our NATE-certified technicians and Energy Star systems we give you the perfect combination of choice, value, and customer care.
“Experience the Bold Difference” that is Bold City Heating & Air by calling us today!

We Believe In:

Icon representing Clear Upfront Pricing

Clear Upfront Pricing

Icon representing No Hidden Costs

No Hidden Costs

Icon representing High-Level Workmanship

High-Level Workmanship

Trusted Heating and Air Pros in Jacksonville

When it comes to heating and air services in Jacksonville, we offer all the services you need under one roof. But that’s not where our story ends.

From your HVAC system to your ducts and indoor air quality we offer a complete end-to-end solution. Our team is at the heart of everything we do. Our continuous program of education and training ensures our technicians are the best they can be. It also means our entire team stays up to date with the latest systems and technology. From our Energy Star systems to our whole-house approach, you can depend on every service and product we have to offer.

Our educated and experienced HVAC technicians specialize in a broad range of air conditioning, heating & indoor air quality solutions. We are dedicated to finding the right fit for your home or business. Our broad range of expertise ensures a solution to every challenge.

Satisfaction Guaranteed

Prioritizing satisfaction, Bold City Heating & Air exemplifies customer service.

Our Team Will:

  • Keep Your Informed
  • Target Your Goals
  • Provide Honest Answers

Services

Cooling
Heating
Duct Cleaning
Maintenance
New System Installation

Number One For Heating & Cooling

Keeping you comfortable is our top priority!

When you need an HVAC contractor backed by generations of experience and who truly cares about your satisfaction, turn to Bold City Heating & Air. From air conditioning repairs to the installation of a new energy-efficient heating system, you can depend on our team. We’ll get to you as quickly as we can to solve any problem you might be experiencing.

If you need help with HVAC installation or replacement, we’ll recommend the perfect system and provide you with a competitive quote. We’ll help you to save money on your energy costs going forward and can even help with financing on approved credit.

Jacksonville Grown. Family Owned & Operated.

See What Our Customers Are Saying About Us!

5 stars

Recently moved here from MD and was not familiar with the heating/AC unit. Bold City, especially Sam Powel, has been VERY helpful. In our short time here in FL, we have recommended Bold City to acquaintances numerous times, and will continue to do so.

Paul G.

5 stars

Another excellent job by Bold City. Bryan was on time, thorough, explained his analysis and solution, and completed the job. He demonstrated knowledge and expertise while providing a high level of customer service. Well done!!

John L.

5 stars

Recently moved here from MD and was not familiar with the heating/AC unit. Bold City, especially Sam Powel, has been VERY helpful. In our short time here in FL, we have recommended Bold City to acquaintances numerous times, and will continue to do so.

Paul G.

5 stars

Another excellent job by Bold City. Bryan was on time, thorough, explained his analysis and solution, and completed the job. He demonstrated knowledge and expertise while providing a high level of customer service. Well done!!

John L.

5 stars

Recently moved here from MD and was not familiar with the heating/AC unit. Bold City, especially Sam Powel, has been VERY helpful. In our short time here in FL, we have recommended Bold City to acquaintances numerous times, and will continue to do so.

Paul G.

An HVAC Team You Can Trust

When you’re looking for an HVAC company that you can count on, look no further than Bold City Heating & Air.

Why not try out our award-winning service for yourself? We promise to never give you the upsell. Our technicians don’t get paid commission and we don’t focus on profit margins. We know that if we give our customers the best service, our profits will look after themselves. Whether you’re looking for heating and cooling repairs in Jacksonville or you need HVAC installation or maintenance, speak to our friendly family-owned team.

We’re proud to offer our high quality HVAC services to the residents of Jacksonville. Contact our team at Bold City Heating & Air today and experience our great service for yourself!

Contact Your Bold City Specialist Today

We do not handle commercial or new construction projects.

Bold City Heating & Air logo

8400 Baymeadows Way #1
Jacksonville, FL 32256

View In Google Maps

Open Daily: 7:00 AM – 8:00 PM

(904) 379-1648

Join The Team

Schedule Service

Reviews

©2025 Bold City Heating & Air. All Rights Reserved. License: #CAC1818833.
Privacy Policy | Copyright Notice.

Bold City Heating & Air ✔️

🏠
Current address

8400 Baymeadows Way Suite 1,Jacksonville, FL 32256,United States

🔗
Website

https://boldcityac.com/

📞
Phone

+19043791648

✔️
Business status

Claimed

📍
Latitude/Longitude

30.217562,-81.578579

🔖
Categories

Air conditioning repair service

🌎
Place ID

ChIJNyAf-ffJ5YgRYOdPsLEKe30

📝
Knowledge Panel ID (KG ID)

/g/11g6n8dppf

➕
CID Number

9041832435159918432

🏢
Business Profile ID

1926681825581721738

Other GMB details
⭐
Review list display link

https://search.google.com/local/reviews?placeid=ChIJNyAf-ffJ5YgRYOdPsLEKe30

👍
Review request link

https://search.google.com/local/writereview?placeid=ChIJNyAf-ffJ5YgRYOdPsLEKe30

🧠
Knowledge Panel page link

https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11g6n8dppf

📘
GMB Post URL

https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11g6n8dppf&uact=5#lpstate=pid:-1

🙋
Ask question request URL

https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11g6n8dppf&uact=5#lpqa=a,,d,1

☝️
Questions and answers URL

https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11g6n8dppf&uact=5#lpqa=d,2

🛒
Products

https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11g6n8dppf#lpc=lpc

💁
Services

https://www.google.com/localservices/prolist?src=2&q=Bold%20City%20Heating%20%26%20Air%208400%20Baymeadows%20Way%20Suite%201%2CJacksonville%2C%20FL%2032256%2CUnited%20States

📇
Other GMB's at same address

https://www.google.com/maps/place/8400%20Baymeadows%20Way%20Suite%201%2CJacksonville%2C%20FL%2032256%2CUnited%20States

💻
GMB's with same website domain

https://www.google.com/search?q=%22boldcityac.com%22&tbm=lcl

⛓️
GMB link with Place ID

https://www.google.com/maps/place/?q=place_id:ChIJNyAf-ffJ5YgRYOdPsLEKe30

🏹
GMB link with CID

https://www.google.com/maps/place/?cid=9041832435159918432

External audit links

Below you will find links to external resources for additional information. These are external sites and is in no way related to GMB Everywhere.
SEO audit links
Website audit links
Domain name lookup

https://whois.domaintools.com/boldcityac.com

Technology used on website

https://builtwith.com/boldcityac.com

Website schema(Structured data) analyzer

https://search.google.com/test/rich-results?url=https%3A%2F%2Fboldcityac.com%2F

Website audit

https://app.neilpatel.com/en/seo_analyzer/site_audit?domain=boldcityac.com

Website history

https://web.archive.org/web/*/boldcityac.com

Air conditioning

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about cooling of air. For the Curved Air album, see Air Conditioning (album). For a similar device capable of both cooling and heating, see Heat pump.
"a/c" redirects here. For the abbreviation used in banking and book-keeping, see Account (disambiguation). For other uses, see AC.
There are various types of air conditioners. Popular examples include: Window-mounted air conditioner (China, 2023); Ceiling-mounted cassette air conditioner (China, 2023); Wall-mounted air conditioner (Japan, 2020); Ceiling-mounted console (Also called ceiling suspended) air conditioner (China, 2023); and portable air conditioner (Vatican City, 2018).

Air conditioning, often abbreviated as A/C (US) or air con (UK),[1] is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space to achieve a more comfortable interior temperature and in some cases also controlling the humidity of internal air. Air conditioning can be achieved using a mechanical 'air conditioner' or through other methods, including passive cooling and ventilative cooling.[2][3] Air conditioning is a member of a family of systems and techniques that provide heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC).[4] Heat pumps are similar in many ways to air conditioners but use a reversing valve, allowing them to both heat and cool an enclosed space.[5]

Air conditioners, which typically use vapor-compression refrigeration, range in size from small units used in vehicles or single rooms to massive units that can cool large buildings.[6] Air source heat pumps, which can be used for heating as well as cooling, are becoming increasingly common in cooler climates.

Air conditioners can reduce mortality rates due to higher temperature.[7] According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) 1.6 billion air conditioning units were used globally in 2016.[8] The United Nations called for the technology to be made more sustainable to mitigate climate change and for the use of alternatives, like passive cooling, evaporative cooling, selective shading, windcatchers, and better thermal insulation.

History

[edit]

Air conditioning dates back to prehistory.[9] Double-walled living quarters, with a gap between the two walls to encourage air flow, were found in the ancient city of Hamoukar, in modern Syria.[10] Ancient Egyptian buildings also used a wide variety of passive air-conditioning techniques.[11] These became widespread from the Iberian Peninsula through North Africa, the Middle East, and Northern India.[12]

Passive techniques remained widespread until the 20th century when they fell out of fashion and were replaced by powered air conditioning. Using information from engineering studies of traditional buildings, passive techniques are being revived and modified for 21st-century architectural designs.[13][12]

An array of air conditioner condenser units outside a commercial office building

Air conditioners allow the building's indoor environment to remain relatively constant, largely independent of changes in external weather conditions and internal heat loads. They also enable deep plan buildings to be created and have allowed people to live comfortably in hotter parts of the world.[14]

Development

[edit]

Preceding discoveries

[edit]

In 1558, Giambattista della Porta described a method of chilling ice to temperatures far below its freezing point by mixing it with potassium nitrate (then called "nitre") in his popular science book Natural Magic.[15][16][17] In 1620, Cornelis Drebbel demonstrated "Turning Summer into Winter" for James I of England, chilling part of the Great Hall of Westminster Abbey with an apparatus of troughs and vats.[18] Drebbel's contemporary Francis Bacon, like della Porta a believer in science communication, may not have been present at the demonstration, but in a book published later the same year, he described it as "experiment of artificial freezing" and said that "Nitre (or rather its spirit) is very cold, and hence nitre or salt when added to snow or ice intensifies the cold of the latter, the nitre by adding to its cold, but the salt by supplying activity to the cold of the snow."[15]

In 1758, Benjamin Franklin and John Hadley, a chemistry professor at the University of Cambridge, conducted experiments applying the principle of evaporation as a means to cool an object rapidly. Franklin and Hadley confirmed that the evaporation of highly volatile liquids (such as alcohol and ether) could be used to drive down the temperature of an object past the freezing point of water. They experimented with the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer as their object. They used a bellows to speed up the evaporation. They lowered the temperature of the thermometer bulb down to −14 °C (7 °F) while the ambient temperature was 18 °C (64 °F). Franklin noted that soon after they passed the freezing point of water 0 °C (32 °F), a thin film of ice formed on the surface of the thermometer's bulb and that the ice mass was about 6 mm (1⁄4 in) thick when they stopped the experiment upon reaching −14 °C (7 °F). Franklin concluded: "From this experiment, one may see the possibility of freezing a man to death on a warm summer's day."[19]

The 19th century included many developments in compression technology. In 1820, English scientist and inventor Michael Faraday discovered that compressing and liquefying ammonia could chill air when the liquefied ammonia was allowed to evaporate.[20] In 1842, Florida physician John Gorrie used compressor technology to create ice, which he used to cool air for his patients in his hospital in Apalachicola, Florida. He hoped to eventually use his ice-making machine to regulate the temperature of buildings.[20][21] He envisioned centralized air conditioning that could cool entire cities. Gorrie was granted a patent in 1851,[22] but following the death of his main backer, he was not able to realize his invention.[23] In 1851, James Harrison created the first mechanical ice-making machine in Geelong, Australia, and was granted a patent for an ether vapor-compression refrigeration system in 1855 that produced three tons of ice per day.[24] In 1860, Harrison established a second ice company. He later entered the debate over competing against the American advantage of ice-refrigerated beef sales to the United Kingdom.[24]

First devices

[edit]
Willis Carrier, who is credited with building the first modern electrical air conditioning unit

Electricity made the development of effective units possible. In 1901, American inventor Willis H. Carrier built what is considered the first modern electrical air conditioning unit.[25][26][27][28] In 1902, he installed his first air-conditioning system, in the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing & Publishing Company in Brooklyn, New York.[29] His invention controlled both the temperature and humidity, which helped maintain consistent paper dimensions and ink alignment at the printing plant. Later, together with six other employees, Carrier formed The Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America, a business that in 2020 employed 53,000 people and was valued at $18.6 billion.[30][31]

In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte, North Carolina, was exploring ways to add moisture to the air in his textile mill. Cramer coined the term "air conditioning" in a patent claim which he filed that year, where he suggested that air conditioning was analogous to "water conditioning", then a well-known process for making textiles easier to process.[32] He combined moisture with ventilation to "condition" and change the air in the factories; thus, controlling the humidity that is necessary in textile plants. Willis Carrier adopted the term and incorporated it into the name of his company.[33]

Domestic air conditioning soon took off. In 1914, the first domestic air conditioning was installed in Minneapolis in the home of Charles Gilbert Gates. It is, however, possible that the considerable device (c. 2.1 m × 1.8 m × 6.1 m; 7 ft × 6 ft × 20 ft) was never used, as the house remained uninhabited[20] (Gates had already died in October 1913.)

In 1931, H.H. Schultz and J.Q. Sherman developed what would become the most common type of individual room air conditioner: one designed to sit on a window ledge. The units went on sale in 1932 at US$10,000 to $50,000 (the equivalent of $200,000 to $1,200,000 in 2024.)[20] A year later, the first air conditioning systems for cars were offered for sale.[34] Chrysler Motors introduced the first practical semi-portable air conditioning unit in 1935,[35] and Packard became the first automobile manufacturer to offer an air conditioning unit in its cars in 1939.[36]

Further development

[edit]

Innovations in the latter half of the 20th century allowed more ubiquitous air conditioner use. In 1945, Robert Sherman of Lynn, Massachusetts, invented a portable, in-window air conditioner that cooled, heated, humidified, dehumidified, and filtered the air.[37] The first inverter air conditioners were released in 1980–1981.[38][39]

In 1954, Ned Cole, a 1939 architecture graduate from the University of Texas at Austin, developed the first experimental "suburb" with inbuilt air conditioning in each house. 22 homes were developed on a flat, treeless track in northwest Austin, Texas, and the community was christened the 'Austin Air-Conditioned Village.' The residents were subjected to a year-long study of the effects of air conditioning led by the nation’s premier air conditioning companies, builders, and social scientists. In addition, researchers from UT’s Health Service and Psychology Department studied the effects on the "artificially cooled humans." One of the more amusing discoveries was that each family reported being troubled with scorpions, the leading theory being that scorpions sought cool, shady places. Other reported changes in lifestyle were that mothers baked more, families ate heavier foods, and they were more apt to choose hot drinks.[40][41]

Air conditioner adoption tends to increase above around $10,000 annual household income in warmer areas.[42] Global GDP growth explains around 85% of increased air condition adoption by 2050, while the remaining 15% can be explained by climate change.[42]

As of 2016 an estimated 1.6 billion air conditioning units were used worldwide, with over half of them in China and USA, and a total cooling capacity of 11,675 gigawatts.[8][43] The International Energy Agency predicted in 2018 that the number of air conditioning units would grow to around 4 billion units by 2050 and that the total cooling capacity would grow to around 23,000 GW, with the biggest increases in India and China.[8] Between 1995 and 2004, the proportion of urban households in China with air conditioners increased from 8% to 70%.[44] As of 2015, nearly 100 million homes, or about 87% of US households, had air conditioning systems.[45] In 2019, it was estimated that 90% of new single-family homes constructed in the US included air conditioning (ranging from 99% in the South to 62% in the West).[46][47]

Operation

[edit]

Operating principles

[edit]
A simple stylized diagram of the refrigeration cycle: 1) condensing coil, 2) expansion valve, 3) evaporator coil, 4) compressor

Cooling in traditional air conditioner systems is accomplished using the vapor-compression cycle, which uses a refrigerant's forced circulation and phase change between gas and liquid to transfer heat.[48][49] The vapor-compression cycle can occur within a unitary, or packaged piece of equipment; or within a chiller that is connected to terminal cooling equipment (such as a fan coil unit in an air handler) on its evaporator side and heat rejection equipment such as a cooling tower on its condenser side. An air source heat pump shares many components with an air conditioning system, but includes a reversing valve, which allows the unit to be used to heat as well as cool a space.[50]

Air conditioning equipment will reduce the absolute humidity of the air processed by the system if the surface of the evaporator coil is significantly cooler than the dew point of the surrounding air. An air conditioner designed for an occupied space will typically achieve a 30% to 60% relative humidity in the occupied space.[51]

Most modern air-conditioning systems feature a dehumidification cycle during which the compressor runs. At the same time, the fan is slowed to reduce the evaporator temperature and condense more water. A dehumidifier uses the same refrigeration cycle but incorporates both the evaporator and the condenser into the same air path; the air first passes over the evaporator coil, where it is cooled[52] and dehumidified before passing over the condenser coil, where it is warmed again before it is released back into the room.[citation needed]

Free cooling can sometimes be selected when the external air is cooler than the internal air. Therefore, the compressor does not need to be used, resulting in high cooling efficiencies for these times. This may also be combined with seasonal thermal energy storage.[53]

Heating

[edit]
Main article: Heat pump

Some air conditioning systems can reverse the refrigeration cycle and act as an air source heat pump, thus heating instead of cooling the indoor environment. They are also commonly referred to as "reverse cycle air conditioners". The heat pump is significantly more energy-efficient than electric resistance heating, because it moves energy from air or groundwater to the heated space and the heat from purchased electrical energy. When the heat pump is in heating mode, the indoor evaporator coil switches roles and becomes the condenser coil, producing heat. The outdoor condenser unit also switches roles to serve as the evaporator and discharges cold air (colder than the ambient outdoor air).

Most air source heat pumps become less efficient in outdoor temperatures lower than 4 °C or 40 °F.[54] This is partly because ice forms on the outdoor unit's heat exchanger coil, which blocks air flow over the coil. To compensate for this, the heat pump system must temporarily switch back into the regular air conditioning mode to switch the outdoor evaporator coil back to the condenser coil, to heat up and defrost. Therefore, some heat pump systems will have electric resistance heating in the indoor air path that is activated only in this mode to compensate for the temporary indoor air cooling, which would otherwise be uncomfortable in the winter.

Newer models have improved cold-weather performance, with efficient heating capacity down to −14 °F (−26 °C).[55][54][56] However, there is always a chance that the humidity that condenses on the heat exchanger of the outdoor unit could freeze, even in models that have improved cold-weather performance, requiring a defrosting cycle to be performed.

The icing problem becomes much more severe with lower outdoor temperatures, so heat pumps are sometimes installed in tandem with a more conventional form of heating, such as an electrical heater, a natural gas, heating oil, or wood-burning fireplace or central heating, which is used instead of or in addition to the heat pump during harsher winter temperatures. In this case, the heat pump is used efficiently during milder temperatures, and the system is switched to the conventional heat source when the outdoor temperature is lower.

Performance

[edit]

The coefficient of performance (COP) of an air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to the work required.[57][58] Higher COPs equate to lower operating costs. The COP usually exceeds 1; however, the exact value is highly dependent on operating conditions, especially absolute temperature and relative temperature between sink and system, and is often graphed or averaged against expected conditions.[59] Air conditioner equipment power in the U.S. is often described in terms of "tons of refrigeration", with each approximately equal to the cooling power of one short ton (2,000 pounds (910 kg) of ice melting in a 24-hour period. The value is equal to 12,000 BTUIT per hour, or 3,517 watts.[60] Residential central air systems are usually from 1 to 5 tons (3.5 to 18 kW) in capacity.[citation needed]

The efficiency of air conditioners is often rated by the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER), which is defined by the Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute in its 2008 standard AHRI 210/240, Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment.[61] A similar standard is the European seasonal energy efficiency ratio (ESEER).[citation needed]

Efficiency is strongly affected by the humidity of the air to be cooled. Dehumidifying the air before attempting to cool it can reduce subsequent cooling costs by as much as 90 percent. Thus, reducing dehumidifying costs can materially affect overall air conditioning costs.[62]

Control system

[edit]

Wireless remote control

[edit]
Main articles: Remote control and Infrared blaster
A wireless remote controller
The infrared transmitting LED on the remote
The infrared receiver on the air conditioner

This type of controller uses an infrared LED to relay commands from a remote control to the air conditioner. The output of the infrared LED (like that of any infrared remote) is invisible to the human eye because its wavelength is beyond the range of visible light (940 nm). This system is commonly used on mini-split air conditioners because it is simple and portable. Some window and ducted central air conditioners uses it as well.

Wired controller

[edit]
Main article: Thermostat
Several wired controllers (Indonesia, 2024)

A wired controller, also called a "wired thermostat," is a device that controls an air conditioner by switching heating or cooling on or off. It uses different sensors to measure temperatures and actuate control operations. Mechanical thermostats commonly use bimetallic strips, converting a temperature change into mechanical displacement, to actuate control of the air conditioner. Electronic thermostats, instead, use a thermistor or other semiconductor sensor, processing temperature change as electronic signals to control the air conditioner.

These controllers are usually used in hotel rooms because they are permanently installed into a wall and hard-wired directly into the air conditioner unit, eliminating the need for batteries.

Types

[edit]
Types Typical Capacity* Air supply Mounting Typical application
Mini-split small – large Direct Wall Residential
Window very small – small Direct Window Residential
Portable very small – small Direct / Ducted Floor Residential, remote areas
Ducted (individual) small – very large Ducted Ceiling Residential, commercial
Ducted (central) medium – very large Ducted Ceiling Residential, commercial
Ceiling suspended medium – large Direct Ceiling Commercial
Cassette medium – large Direct / Ducted Ceiling Commercial
Floor standing medium – large Direct / Ducted Floor Commercial
Packaged very large Direct / Ducted Floor Commercial
Packaged RTU (Rooftop Unit) very large Ducted Rooftop Commercial

* where the typical capacity is in kilowatt as follows:

  • very small: <1.5 kW
  • small: 1.5–3.5 kW
  • medium: 4.2–7.1 kW
  • large: 7.2–14 kW
  • very large: >14 kW

Mini-split and multi-split systems

[edit]
Evaporator, indoor unit, or terminal, side of a ductless split-type air conditioner

Ductless systems (often mini-split, though there are now ducted mini-split) typically supply conditioned and heated air to a single or a few rooms of a building, without ducts and in a decentralized manner.[63] Multi-zone or multi-split systems are a common application of ductless systems and allow up to eight rooms (zones or locations) to be conditioned independently from each other, each with its indoor unit and simultaneously from a single outdoor unit.

The first mini-split system was sold in 1961 by Toshiba in Japan, and the first wall-mounted mini-split air conditioner was sold in 1968 in Japan by Mitsubishi Electric, where small home sizes motivated their development. The Mitsubishi model was the first air conditioner with a cross-flow fan.[64][65][66] In 1969, the first mini-split air conditioner was sold in the US.[67] Multi-zone ductless systems were invented by Daikin in 1973, and variable refrigerant flow systems (which can be thought of as larger multi-split systems) were also invented by Daikin in 1982. Both were first sold in Japan.[68] Variable refrigerant flow systems when compared with central plant cooling from an air handler, eliminate the need for large cool air ducts, air handlers, and chillers; instead cool refrigerant is transported through much smaller pipes to the indoor units in the spaces to be conditioned, thus allowing for less space above dropped ceilings and a lower structural impact, while also allowing for more individual and independent temperature control of spaces. The outdoor and indoor units can be spread across the building.[69] Variable refrigerant flow indoor units can also be turned off individually in unused spaces.[citation needed] The lower start-up power of VRF's DC inverter compressors and their inherent DC power requirements also allow VRF solar-powered heat pumps to be run using DC-providing solar panels.

Ducted central systems

[edit]

Split-system central air conditioners consist of two heat exchangers, an outside unit (the condenser) from which heat is rejected to the environment and an internal heat exchanger (the evaporator, or Fan Coil Unit, FCU) with the piped refrigerant being circulated between the two. The FCU is then connected to the spaces to be cooled by ventilation ducts.[70] Floor standing air conditioners are similar to this type of air conditioner but sit within spaces that need cooling.

Central plant cooling

[edit]
See also: Chiller
Industrial air conditioners on top of the shopping mall Passage in Linz, Austria

Large central cooling plants may use intermediate coolant such as chilled water pumped into air handlers or fan coil units near or in the spaces to be cooled which then duct or deliver cold air into the spaces to be conditioned, rather than ducting cold air directly to these spaces from the plant, which is not done due to the low density and heat capacity of air, which would require impractically large ducts. The chilled water is cooled by chillers in the plant, which uses a refrigeration cycle to cool water, often transferring its heat to the atmosphere even in liquid-cooled chillers through the use of cooling towers. Chillers may be air- or liquid-cooled.[71][72]

Portable units

[edit]

A portable system has an indoor unit on wheels connected to an outdoor unit via flexible pipes, similar to a permanently fixed installed unit (such as a ductless split air conditioner).

Hose systems, which can be monoblock or air-to-air, are vented to the outside via air ducts. The monoblock type collects the water in a bucket or tray and stops when full. The air-to-air type re-evaporates the water, discharges it through the ducted hose, and can run continuously. Many but not all portable units draw indoor air and expel it outdoors through a single duct, negatively impacting their overall cooling efficiency.

Many portable air conditioners come with heat as well as a dehumidification function.[73]

Window unit and packaged terminal

[edit]
Through-the-wall PTAC units, University Motor Inn, Philadelphia

The packaged terminal air conditioner (PTAC), through-the-wall, and window air conditioners are similar. These units are installed on a window frame or on a wall opening. The unit usually has an internal partition separating its indoor and outdoor sides, which contain the unit's condenser and evaporator, respectively. PTAC systems may be adapted to provide heating in cold weather, either directly by using an electric strip, gas, or other heaters, or by reversing the refrigerant flow to heat the interior and draw heat from the exterior air, converting the air conditioner into a heat pump. They may be installed in a wall opening with the help of a special sleeve on the wall and a custom grill that is flush with the wall and window air conditioners can also be installed in a window, but without a custom grill.[74]

Packaged air conditioner

[edit]

Packaged air conditioners (also known as self-contained units)[75][76] are central systems that integrate into a single housing all the components of a split central system, and deliver air, possibly through ducts, to the spaces to be cooled. Depending on their construction they may be outdoors or indoors, on roofs (rooftop units),[77][78] draw the air to be conditioned from inside or outside a building and be water or air-cooled. Often, outdoor units are air-cooled while indoor units are liquid-cooled using a cooling tower.[70][79][80][81][82][83]

Types of compressors

[edit]
Compressor types Common applications Typical capacity Efficiency Durability Repairability
Reciprocating Refrigerator, Walk-in freezer, portable air conditioners small – large very low (small capacity)

medium (large capacity)

 very low medium
Rotary vane Residential mini splits small low low easy
Scroll Commercial and central systems, VRF medium medium medium easy
Rotary screw Commercial chiller medium – large medium medium hard
Centrifugal Commercial chiller very large medium high hard
Maglev Centrifugal Commercial chiller very large high very high very hard

Reciprocating

[edit]

This compressor consists of a crankcase, crankshaft, piston rod, piston, piston ring, cylinder head and valves. [citation needed]

Scroll

[edit]
Main article: Scroll compressor

This compressor uses two interleaving scrolls to compress the refrigerant.[84] it consists of one fixed and one orbiting scrolls. This type of compressor is more efficient because it has 70 percent less moving parts than a reciprocating compressor. [citation needed]

Screw

[edit]

This compressor use two very closely meshing spiral rotors to compress the gas. The gas enters at the suction side and moves through the threads as the screws rotate. The meshing rotors force the gas through the compressor, and the gas exits at the end of the screws. The working area is the inter-lobe volume between the male and female rotors. It is larger at the intake end, and decreases along the length of the rotors until the exhaust port. This change in volume is the compression. [citation needed]

Capacity modulation technologies

[edit]

There are several ways to modulate the cooling capacity in refrigeration or air conditioning and heating systems. The most common in air conditioning are: on-off cycling, hot gas bypass, use or not of liquid injection, manifold configurations of multiple compressors, mechanical modulation (also called digital), and inverter technology. [citation needed]

Hot gas bypass

[edit]

Hot gas bypass involves injecting a quantity of gas from discharge to the suction side. The compressor will keep operating at the same speed, but due to the bypass, the refrigerant mass flow circulating with the system is reduced, and thus the cooling capacity. This naturally causes the compressor to run uselessly during the periods when the bypass is operating. The turn down capacity varies between 0 and 100%.[85]

Manifold configurations

[edit]

Several compressors can be installed in the system to provide the peak cooling capacity. Each compressor can run or not in order to stage the cooling capacity of the unit. The turn down capacity is either 0/33/66 or 100% for a trio configuration and either 0/50 or 100% for a tandem.[citation needed]

Mechanically modulated compressor

[edit]

This internal mechanical capacity modulation is based on periodic compression process with a control valve, the two scroll set move apart stopping the compression for a given time period. This method varies refrigerant flow by changing the average time of compression, but not the actual speed of the motor. Despite an excellent turndown ratio – from 10 to 100% of the cooling capacity, mechanically modulated scrolls have high energy consumption as the motor continuously runs.[citation needed]

Variable-speed compressor

[edit]
Main article: Inverter compressor

This system uses a variable-frequency drive (also called an Inverter) to control the speed of the compressor. The refrigerant flow rate is changed by the change in the speed of the compressor. The turn down ratio depends on the system configuration and manufacturer. It modulates from 15 or 25% up to 100% at full capacity with a single inverter from 12 to 100% with a hybrid tandem. This method is the most efficient way to modulate an air conditioner's capacity. It is up to 58% more efficient than a fixed speed system.[citation needed]

Impact

[edit]

Health effects

[edit]
Rooftop condenser unit fitted on top of an Osaka Municipal Subway 10 series subway carriage. Air conditioning has become increasingly prevalent on public transport vehicles as a form of climate control, and to ensure passenger comfort and drivers' occupational safety and health.

In hot weather, air conditioning can prevent heat stroke, dehydration due to excessive sweating, electrolyte imbalance, kidney failure, and other issues due to hyperthermia.[8][86] Heat waves are the most lethal type of weather phenomenon in the United States.[87][88] A 2020 study found that areas with lower use of air conditioning correlated with higher rates of heat-related mortality and hospitalizations.[89] The August 2003 France heatwave resulted in approximately 15,000 deaths, where 80% of the victims were over 75 years old. In response, the French government required all retirement homes to have at least one air-conditioned room at 25 °C (77 °F) per floor during heatwaves.[8]

Air conditioning (including filtration, humidification, cooling and disinfection) can be used to provide a clean, safe, hypoallergenic atmosphere in hospital operating rooms and other environments where proper atmosphere is critical to patient safety and well-being. It is sometimes recommended for home use by people with allergies, especially mold.[90][91] However, poorly maintained water cooling towers can promote the growth and spread of microorganisms such as Legionella pneumophila, the infectious agent responsible for Legionnaires' disease. As long as the cooling tower is kept clean (usually by means of a chlorine treatment), these health hazards can be avoided or reduced. The state of New York has codified requirements for registration, maintenance, and testing of cooling towers to protect against Legionella.[92]

Economic effects

[edit]

First designed to benefit targeted industries such as the press as well as large factories, the invention quickly spread to public agencies and administrations with studies with claims of increased productivity close to 24% in places equipped with air conditioning.[93]

Air conditioning caused various shifts in demography, notably that of the United States starting from the 1970s. In the US, the birth rate was lower in the spring than during other seasons until the 1970s but this difference then declined since then.[94] As of 2007, the Sun Belt contained 30% of the total US population while it was inhabited by 24% of Americans at the beginning of the 20th century.[95] Moreover, the summer mortality rate in the US, which had been higher in regions subject to a heat wave during the summer, also evened out.[7]

The spread of the use of air conditioning acts as a main driver for the growth of global demand of electricity.[96] According to a 2018 report from the International Energy Agency (IEA), it was revealed that the energy consumption for cooling in the United States, involving 328 million Americans, surpasses the combined energy consumption of 4.4 billion people in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia (excluding China).[8] A 2020 survey found that an estimated 88% of all US households use AC, increasing to 93% when solely looking at homes built between 2010 and 2020.[97]

Environmental effects

[edit]
Air conditioner farm in the facade of a building in Singapore

Space cooling including air conditioning accounted globally for 2021 terawatt-hours of energy usage in 2016 with around 99% in the form of electricity, according to a 2018 report on air-conditioning efficiency by the International Energy Agency.[8] The report predicts an increase of electricity usage due to space cooling to around 6200 TWh by 2050,[8][98] and that with the progress currently seen, greenhouse gas emissions attributable to space cooling will double: 1,135 million tons (2016) to 2,070 million tons.[8] There is some push to increase the energy efficiency of air conditioners. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the IEA found that if air conditioners could be twice as effective as now, 460 billion tons of GHG could be cut over 40 years.[99] The UNEP and IEA also recommended legislation to decrease the use of hydrofluorocarbons, better building insulation, and more sustainable temperature-controlled food supply chains going forward.[99]

Refrigerants have also caused and continue to cause serious environmental issues, including ozone depletion and climate change, as several countries have not yet ratified the Kigali Amendment to reduce the consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons.[100] CFCs and HCFCs refrigerants such as R-12 and R-22, respectively, used within air conditioners have caused damage to the ozone layer,[101] and hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants such as R-410A and R-404A, which were designed to replace CFCs and HCFCs, are instead exacerbating climate change.[102] Both issues happen due to the venting of refrigerant to the atmosphere, such as during repairs. HFO refrigerants, used in some if not most new equipment, solve both issues with an ozone damage potential (ODP) of zero and a much lower global warming potential (GWP) in the single or double digits vs. the three or four digits of hydrofluorocarbons.[103]

Hydrofluorocarbons would have raised global temperatures by around 0.3–0.5 °C (0.5–0.9 °F) by 2100 without the Kigali Amendment. With the Kigali Amendment, the increase of global temperatures by 2100 due to hydrofluorocarbons is predicted to be around 0.06 °C (0.1 °F).[104]

Alternatives to continual air conditioning include passive cooling, passive solar cooling, natural ventilation, operating shades to reduce solar gain, using trees, architectural shades, windows (and using window coatings) to reduce solar gain.[citation needed]

Social effects

[edit]

Socioeconomic groups with a household income below around $10,000 tend to have a low air conditioning adoption,[42] which worsens heat-related mortality.[7] The lack of cooling can be hazardous, as areas with lower use of air conditioning correlate with higher rates of heat-related mortality and hospitalizations.[89] Premature mortality in NYC is projected to grow between 47% and 95% in 30 years, with lower-income and vulnerable populations most at risk.[89] Studies on the correlation between heat-related mortality and hospitalizations and living in low socioeconomic locations can be traced in Phoenix, Arizona,[105] Hong Kong,[106] China,[106] Japan,[107] and Italy.[108][109] Additionally, costs concerning health care can act as another barrier, as the lack of private health insurance during a 2009 heat wave in Australia, was associated with heat-related hospitalization.[109]

Disparities in socioeconomic status and access to air conditioning are connected by some to institutionalized racism, which leads to the association of specific marginalized communities with lower economic status, poorer health, residing in hotter neighborhoods, engaging in physically demanding labor, and experiencing limited access to cooling technologies such as air conditioning.[109] A study overlooking Chicago, Illinois, Detroit, and Michigan found that black households were half as likely to have central air conditioning units when compared to their white counterparts.[110] Especially in cities, Redlining creates heat islands, increasing temperatures in certain parts of the city.[109] This is due to materials heat-absorbing building materials and pavements and lack of vegetation and shade coverage.[111] There have been initiatives that provide cooling solutions to low-income communities, such as public cooling spaces.[8][111]

Other techniques

[edit]

Buildings designed with passive air conditioning are generally less expensive to construct and maintain than buildings with conventional HVAC systems with lower energy demands.[112] While tens of air changes per hour, and cooling of tens of degrees, can be achieved with passive methods, site-specific microclimate must be taken into account, complicating building design.[12]

Many techniques can be used to increase comfort and reduce the temperature in buildings. These include evaporative cooling, selective shading, wind, thermal convection, and heat storage.[113]

Passive ventilation

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Passive ventilation.[edit]
The ventilation system of a regular earthship
Dogtrot houses are designed to maximise natural ventilation.
A roof turbine ventilator, colloquially known as a 'Whirly Bird', is an application of wind driven ventilation.

Passive ventilation is the process of supplying air to and removing air from an indoor space without using mechanical systems. It refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of pressure differences arising from natural forces.

There are two types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: wind driven ventilation and buoyancy-driven ventilation. Wind driven ventilation arises from the different pressures created by wind around a building or structure, and openings being formed on the perimeter which then permit flow through the building. Buoyancy-driven ventilation occurs as a result of the directional buoyancy force that results from temperature differences between the interior and exterior.[114]

Since the internal heat gains which create temperature differences between the interior and exterior are created by natural processes, including the heat from people, and wind effects are variable, naturally ventilated buildings are sometimes called "breathing buildings".

Passive cooling

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Passive cooling.[edit]
A traditional Iranian solar cooling design using a wind tower

Passive cooling is a building design approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat dissipation in a building in order to improve the indoor thermal comfort with low or no energy consumption.[115][116] This approach works either by preventing heat from entering the interior (heat gain prevention) or by removing heat from the building (natural cooling).[117]

Natural cooling utilizes on-site energy, available from the natural environment, combined with the architectural design of building components (e.g. building envelope), rather than mechanical systems to dissipate heat.[118] Therefore, natural cooling depends not only on the architectural design of the building but on how the site's natural resources are used as heat sinks (i.e. everything that absorbs or dissipates heat). Examples of on-site heat sinks are the upper atmosphere (night sky), the outdoor air (wind), and the earth/soil.

Passive cooling is an important tool for design of buildings for climate change adaptation – reducing dependency on energy-intensive air conditioning in warming environments.[119][120]
A pair of short windcatchers (malqaf) used in traditional architecture; wind is forced down on the windward side and leaves on the leeward side (cross-ventilation). In the absence of wind, the circulation can be driven with evaporative cooling in the inlet (which is also designed to catch dust). In the center, a shuksheika (roof lantern vent), used to shade the qa'a below while allowing hot air rise out of it (stack effect).[11]

Daytime radiative cooling

[edit]
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) surfaces are high in solar reflectance and heat emittance, cooling with zero energy use or pollution.[121]

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) surfaces reflect incoming solar radiation and heat back into outer space through the infrared window for cooling during the daytime. Daytime radiative cooling became possible with the ability to suppress solar heating using photonic structures, which emerged through a study by Raman et al. (2014).[122] PDRCs can come in a variety of forms, including paint coatings and films, that are designed to be high in solar reflectance and thermal emittance.[121][123]

PDRC applications on building roofs and envelopes have demonstrated significant decreases in energy consumption and costs.[123] In suburban single-family residential areas, PDRC application on roofs can potentially lower energy costs by 26% to 46%.[124] PDRCs are predicted to show a market size of ~$27 billion for indoor space cooling by 2025 and have undergone a surge in research and development since the 2010s.[125][126]

Fans

[edit]
Main article: Ceiling fan

Hand fans have existed since prehistory. Large human-powered fans built into buildings include the punkah.

The 2nd-century Chinese inventor Ding Huan of the Han dynasty invented a rotary fan for air conditioning, with seven wheels 3 m (10 ft) in diameter and manually powered by prisoners.[127]: 99, 151, 233 In 747, Emperor Xuanzong (r. 712–762) of the Tang dynasty (618–907) had the Cool Hall (Liang Dian 涼殿) built in the imperial palace, which the Tang Yulin describes as having water-powered fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising jet streams of water from fountains. During the subsequent Song dynasty (960–1279), written sources mentioned the air conditioning rotary fan as even more widely used.[127]: 134, 151

Thermal buffering

[edit]

In areas that are cold at night or in winter, heat storage is used. Heat may be stored in earth or masonry; air is drawn past the masonry to heat or cool it.[13]

In areas that are below freezing at night in winter, snow and ice can be collected and stored in ice houses for later use in cooling.[13] This technique is over 3,700 years old in the Middle East.[128] Harvesting outdoor ice during winter and transporting and storing for use in summer was practiced by wealthy Europeans in the early 1600s,[15] and became popular in Europe and the Americas towards the end of the 1600s.[129] This practice was replaced by mechanical compression-cycle icemakers.

Evaporative cooling

[edit]
Main article: Evaporative cooler
An evaporative cooler

In dry, hot climates, the evaporative cooling effect may be used by placing water at the air intake, such that the draft draws air over water and then into the house. For this reason, it is sometimes said that the fountain, in the architecture of hot, arid climates, is like the fireplace in the architecture of cold climates.[11] Evaporative cooling also makes the air more humid, which can be beneficial in a dry desert climate.[130]

Evaporative coolers tend to feel as if they are not working during times of high humidity, when there is not much dry air with which the coolers can work to make the air as cool as possible for dwelling occupants. Unlike other types of air conditioners, evaporative coolers rely on the outside air to be channeled through cooler pads that cool the air before it reaches the inside of a house through its air duct system; this cooled outside air must be allowed to push the warmer air within the house out through an exhaust opening such as an open door or window.[131]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Air Con". Cambridge Dictionary. Archived from the original on May 3, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
  2. ^ Dissertation Abstracts International: The humanities and social sciences. A. University Microfilms. 2005. p. 3600.
  3. ^ 1993 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals. ASHRAE. 1993. ISBN 978-0-910110-97-6.
  4. ^ Enteria, Napoleon; Sawachi, Takao; Saito, Kiyoshi (January 31, 2023). Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems: Advances and Applications of VRF. Springer Nature. p. 46. ISBN 978-981-19-6833-4.
  5. ^ Agencies, United States Congress House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Dept of the Interior and Related (1988). Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1989: Testimony of public witnesses, energy programs, Institute of Museum Services, National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 629.
  6. ^ "Earth Tubes: Providing the freshest possible air to your building". Earth Rangers Centre for Sustainable Technology Showcase. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  7. ^ Jump up to:a b c Barreca, Alan; Clay, Karen; Deschenes, Olivier; Greenstone, Michael; Shapiro, Joseph S. (February 2016). "Adapting to Climate Change: The Remarkable Decline in the US Temperature-Mortality Relationship over the Twentieth Century". Journal of Political Economy. 124 (1): 105–159. doi:10.1086/684582.
  8. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j International Energy Agency (May 15, 2018). The Future of Cooling - Opportunities for energy-efficient air conditioning (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  9. ^ Laub, Julian M. (1963). Air Conditioning & Heating Practice. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-03-011225-6.
  10. ^ "Air-conditioning found at 'oldest city in the world'". The Independent. June 24, 2000. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  11. ^ Jump up to:a b c Mohamed, Mady A.A. (January 2010). Lehmann, S.; Waer, H.A.; Al-Qawasmi, J. (eds.). Traditional Ways of Dealing with Climate in Egypt. The Seventh International Conference of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development (SAUD 2010). Amman, Jordan: The Center for the Study of Architecture in Arab Region (CSAAR Press). pp. 247–266. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  12. ^ Jump up to:a b c Ford, Brian (September 2001). "Passive downdraught evaporative cooling: principles and practice". Architectural Research Quarterly. 5 (3): 271–280. doi:10.1017/S1359135501001312.
  13. ^ Jump up to:a b c Attia, Shady; Herde, André de (June 22–24, 2009). Designing the Malqaf for Summer Cooling in Low-Rise Housing, an Experimental Study. 26th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA2009). Quebec City. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021 – via ResearchGate.
  14. ^ "Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Systems, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools". US EPA. October 17, 2014. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  15. ^ Jump up to:a b c Shachtman, Tom (1999). "Winter in Summer". Absolute zero and the conquest of cold. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0395938881. OCLC 421754998. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  16. ^ Porta, Giambattista Della (1584). Magiae naturalis (PDF). London. LCCN 09023451. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021. In our method I shall observe what our ancestors have said; then I shall show by my own experience, whether they be true or false
  17. ^ Beck, Leonard D. (October 1974). "Things Magical in the collections of the Rare Book and Special Collections Division" (PDF). Library of Congress Quarterly Journal. 31: 208–234. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  18. ^ Laszlo, Pierre (2001). Salt: Grain of Life. Columbia University Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0231121989. OCLC 785781471. Cornelius Drebbel air conditioning.
  19. ^ Franklin, Benjamin (June 17, 1758). "The Montgomery Family: An historical and photographic perspective". Letter to John Lining. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  20. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Green, Amanda (January 1, 2015). "The Cool History of the Air Conditioner". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on April 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  21. ^ "John Gorrie". Encyclopædia Britannica. September 29, 2020. Archived from the original on March 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  22. ^ Gorrie, John "Improved process for the artificial production of ice" U.S. Patent no. 8080 (Issued: May 6, 1851).
  23. ^ Wright, E. Lynne (2009). It Happened in Florida: Remarkable Events That Shaped History. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-0762761692.
  24. ^ Jump up to:a b Bruce-Wallace, L. G. (1966). "Harrison, James (1816–1893)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 1. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  25. ^ Palermo, Elizabeth (May 1, 2014). "Who Invented Air Conditioning?". livescience.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  26. ^ Varrasi, John (June 6, 2011). "Global Cooling: The History of Air Conditioning". American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  27. ^ Simha, R. V. (February 2012). "Willis H Carrier". Resonance. 17 (2): 117–138. doi:10.1007/s12045-012-0014-y. ISSN 0971-8044. S2CID 116582893.
  28. ^ Gulledge III, Charles; Knight, Dennis (February 11, 2016). "Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning, And Refrigerating Engineering". National Institute of Building Sciences. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021. Though he did not actually invent air-conditioning nor did he take the first documented scientific approach to applying it, Willis Carrier is credited with integrating the scientific method, engineering, and business of this developing technology and creating the industry we know today as air-conditioning.
  29. ^ "Willis Carrier – 1876–1902". Carrier Global. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  30. ^ "Carrier Reports First Quarter 2020 Earnings". Carrier Global (Press release). May 8, 2020. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  31. ^ "Carrier Becomes Independent, Publicly Traded Company, Begins Trading on New York Stock Exchange". Carrier Global (Press release). April 3, 2020. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  32. ^ Cramer, Stuart W. "Humidifying and air conditioning apparatus" U.S. Patent no. 852,823 (filed: April 18, 1906; issued: May 7, 1907).
    • See also: Cramer, Stuart W. (1906) "Recent development in air conditioning" in: Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Convention of the American Cotton Manufacturers Association Held at Asheville, North Carolina May 16–17, 1906. Charlotte, North Carolina, USA: Queen City Publishing Co. pp. 182-211.
  33. ^ US patent US808897A, Carrier, Willis H., "Apparatus for treating air", published January 2, 1906, issued January 2, 1906 and Buffalo Forge Company"No. 808,897 Patented Jan. 2, 1906: H. W. Carrier: Apparatus for Treating Air" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  34. ^ "First Air-Conditioned Auto". Popular Science. Vol. 123, no. 5. November 1933. p. 30. ISSN 0161-7370. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  35. ^ "Room-size air conditioner fits under window sill". Popular Mechanics. Vol. 63, no. 6. June 1935. p. 885. ISSN 0032-4558. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  36. ^ "Michigan Fast Facts and Trivia". 50states.com. Archived from the original on June 18, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  37. ^ US patent US2433960A, Sherman, Robert S., "Air conditioning apparatus", published January 6, 1948, issued January 6, 1948
  38. ^ "IEEE milestones (39) Inverter Air Conditioners, 1980–1981" (PDF). March 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  39. ^ "Inverter Air Conditioners, 1980–1981 IEEE Milestone Celebration Ceremony" (PDF). March 16, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  40. ^ Seale, Avrel (August 7, 2023). "Texas alumnus and his alma mater central to air-conditioned homes". UT News. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  41. ^ "Air Conditioned Village". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  42. ^ Jump up to:a b c Davis, Lucas; Gertler, Paul; Jarvis, Stephen; Wolfram, Catherine (July 2021). "Air conditioning and global inequality". Global Environmental Change. 69: 102299. Bibcode:2021GEC....6902299D. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102299.
  43. ^ Pierre-Louis, Kendra (May 15, 2018). "The World Wants Air-Conditioning. That Could Warm the World". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  44. ^ Carroll, Rory (October 26, 2015). "How America became addicted to air conditioning". The Guardian. Los Angeles. Archived from the original on March 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  45. ^ Lester, Paul (July 20, 2015). "History of Air Conditioning". United States Department of Energy. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  46. ^ Cornish, Cheryl; Cooper, Stephen; Jenkins, Salima. Characteristics of New Housing (Report). United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  47. ^ "Central Air Conditioning Buying Guide". Consumer Reports. March 3, 2021. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  48. ^ Petchers, Neil (2003). Combined Heating, Cooling & Power Handbook: Technologies & Applications : an Integrated Approach to Energy Resource Optimization. The Fairmont Press. p. 737. ISBN 978-0-88173-433-1.
  49. ^ Krarti, Moncef (December 1, 2020). Energy Audit of Building Systems: An Engineering Approach, Third Edition. CRC Press. p. 370. ISBN 978-1-000-25967-4.
  50. ^ "What is a Reversing Valve". Samsung India. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  51. ^ "Humidity and Comfort" (PDF). DriSteem. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 16, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  52. ^ Perryman, Oliver (April 19, 2021). "Dehumidifier vs Air Conditioning". Dehumidifier Critic. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  53. ^ Snijders, Aart L. (July 30, 2008). "Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) Technology Development and Major Applications in Europe" (PDF). Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. Arnhem: IFTech International. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  54. ^ Jump up to:a b "Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Commerce, Division of Energy Resources. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  55. ^ "Even in Frigid Temperatures, Air-Source Heat Pumps Keep Homes Warm From Alaska Coast to U.S. Mass Market". nrel.gov. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  56. ^ "Heat Pumps: A Practical Solution for Cold Climates". RMI. December 10, 2020. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  57. ^ "TEM Instruction Sheet" (PDF). TE Technology. March 14, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  58. ^ "Coefficient of Performance (COP) heat pumps". Grundfos. November 18, 2020. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  59. ^ "Unpotted HP-199-1.4-0.8 at a hot-side temperature of 25 °C" (PDF). TE Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 7, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  60. ^ Newell, David B.; Tiesinga, Eite, eds. (August 2019). The International System of Units (SI) (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi:10.6028/NIST.SP.330-2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  61. ^ ANSI/AHRI 210/240-2008: 2008 Standard for Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning & Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment (PDF). Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute. 2012. Archived from the original on March 29, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  62. ^ Baraniuk, Chris. "Cutting-Edge Technology Could Massively Reduce the Amount of Energy Used for Air Conditioning". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved July 18, 2024.
  63. ^ "M-Series Contractor Guide" (PDF). Mitsubishipro.com. p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  64. ^ "エアコンの歴史とヒミツ | 調べよう家電と省エネ | キッズ版 省エネ家電 de スマートライフ（一般財団法人 家電製品協会） 学ぼう！スマートライフ". shouene-kaden.net. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  65. ^ "Air conditioner | History". Toshiba Carrier. April 2016. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  66. ^ "1920s–1970s | History". Mitsubishi Electric. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  67. ^ Wagner, Gerry (November 30, 2021). "The Duct Free Zone: History of the Mini Split". HPAC Magazine. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  68. ^ "History of Daikin Innovation". Daikin. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  69. ^ Feit, Justin (December 20, 2017). "The Emergence of VRF as a Viable HVAC Option". buildings.com. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  70. ^ Jump up to:a b "Central Air Conditioning". United States Department of Energy. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  71. ^ Kreith, Frank; Wang, Shan K.; Norton, Paul (April 20, 2018). Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-46783-4.
  72. ^ Wang, Shan K. (November 7, 2000). Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-068167-5.
  73. ^ Hleborodova, Veronika (August 14, 2018). "Portable Vs Split System Air Conditioning | Pros & Cons". Canstar Blue. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  74. ^ Kamins, Toni L. (July 15, 2013). "Through-the-Wall Versus PTAC Air Conditioners: A Guide for New Yorkers". Brick Underground. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  75. ^ "Self-Contained Air Conditioning Systems". Daikin Applied Americas. 2015. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  76. ^ "LSWU/LSWD Vertical Water-Cooled Self-Contained Unit Engineering Guide" (PDF). Johnson Controls. April 6, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  77. ^ "Packaged Rooftop Unit" (PDF). Carrier Global. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  78. ^ "Packaged Rooftop Air Conditioners" (PDF). Trane Technologies. November 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  79. ^ "What is Packaged Air Conditioner? Types of Packged Air Condtioners". Bright Hub Engineering. January 13, 2010. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  80. ^ Evans, Paul (November 11, 2018). "RTU Rooftop Units explained". The Engineering Mindset. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  81. ^ "water-cooled – Johnson Supply". studylib.net. 2000. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  82. ^ "Water Cooled Packaged Air Conditioners" (PDF). Japan: Daikin. May 2, 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  83. ^ "Water Cooled Packaged Unit" (PDF). Daikin. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  84. ^ Lun, Y. H. Venus; Tung, S. L. Dennis (November 13, 2019). Heat Pumps for Sustainable Heating and Cooling. Springer Nature. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-030-31387-6.
  85. ^ Ghanbariannaeeni, Ali; Ghazanfarihashemi, Ghazalehsadat (June 2012). "Bypass Method For Recip Compressor Capacity Control". Pipeline and Gas Journal. 239 (6). Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  86. ^ "Heat Stroke (Hyperthermia)". Harvard Health. January 2, 2019. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  87. ^ "Weather Related Fatality and Injury Statistics". National Weather Service. 2021. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  88. ^ "Extreme Weather: A Guide to Surviving Flash Floods, Tornadoes, Hurricanes, Heat Waves, Snowstorms Tsunamis and Other Natural Disasters". Reference Reviews. 26 (8): 41. October 19, 2012. doi:10.1108/09504121211278322. ISSN 0950-4125. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  89. ^ Jump up to:a b c Gamarro, Harold; Ortiz, Luis; González, Jorge E. (August 1, 2020). "Adapting to Extreme Heat: Social, Atmospheric, and Infrastructure Impacts of Air-Conditioning in Megacities—The Case of New York City". Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities. 1 (3). doi:10.1115/1.4048175. ISSN 2642-6641. S2CID 222121944.
  90. ^ Spiegelman, Jay; Friedman, Herman; Blumstein, George I. (September 1, 1963). "The effects of central air conditioning on pollen, mold, and bacterial concentrations". Journal of Allergy. 34 (5): 426–431. doi:10.1016/0021-8707(63)90007-8. ISSN 0021-8707. PMID 14066385.
  91. ^ Portnoy, Jay M.; Jara, David (February 1, 2015). "Mold allergy revisited". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 114 (2): 83–89. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2014.10.004. ISSN 1081-1206. PMID 25624128.
  92. ^ "Subpart 4-1 – Cooling Towers". New York Codes, Rules and Regulations. June 7, 2016. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  93. ^ Nordhaus, William D. (February 10, 2010). "Geography and macroeconomics: New data and new findings". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (10): 3510–3517. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509842103. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1363683. PMID 16473945.
  94. ^ Barreca, Alan; Deschenes, Olivier; Guldi, Melanie (2018). "Maybe next month? Temperature shocks and dynamic adjustments in birth rates". Demography. 55 (4): 1269–1293. doi:10.1007/s13524-018-0690-7. PMC 7457515. PMID 29968058.
  95. ^ Glaeser, Edward L.; Tobio, Kristina (January 2008). "The Rise of the Sunbelt". Southern Economic Journal. 74 (3): 609–643. doi:10.1002/j.2325-8012.2008.tb00856.x.
  96. ^ Sherman, Peter; Lin, Haiyang; McElroy, Michael (2018). "Projected global demand for air conditioning associated with extreme heat and implications for electricity grids in poorer countries". Energy and Buildings. 268: 112198. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112198. ISSN 0378-7788. S2CID 248979815.
  97. ^ Air Filters Used in Air Conditioning and General Ventilation Part 1: Methods of Test for Atmospheric Dust Spot Efficiency and Synthetic Dust Weight Arrestance (Withdrawn Standard). British Standards Institution. March 29, 1985. BS 6540-1:1985.
  98. ^ Mutschler, Robin; Rüdisüli, Martin; Heer, Philipp; Eggimann, Sven (April 15, 2021). "Benchmarking cooling and heating energy demands considering climate change, population growth and cooling device uptake". Applied Energy. 288: 116636. Bibcode:2021ApEn..28816636M. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116636. ISSN 0306-2619.
  99. ^ Jump up to:a b "Climate-friendly cooling could cut years of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and save US$ trillions: UN". Climate Change and Law Collection. doi:10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2020-0252-0973.
  100. ^ Gerretsen, Isabelle (December 8, 2020). "How your fridge is heating up the planet". BBC Future. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  101. ^ Encyclopedia of Energy: Ph-S. Elsevier. 2004. ISBN 978-0121764821.
  102. ^ Corberan, J.M. (2016). "New trends and developments in ground-source heat pumps". Advances in Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems. pp. 359–385. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-100311-4.00013-3. ISBN 978-0-08-100311-4.
  103. ^ Roselli, Carlo; Sasso, Maurizio (2021). Geothermal Energy Utilization and Technologies 2020. MDPI. ISBN 978-3036507040.
  104. ^ "Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report: Benefits of cooling efficiency and the Kigali Amendment, United Nations Environment Programme - International Energy Agency, 2020" (PDF).
  105. ^ Harlan, Sharon L.; Declet-Barreto, Juan H.; Stefanov, William L.; Petitti, Diana B. (February 2013). "Neighborhood Effects on Heat Deaths: Social and Environmental Predictors of Vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona". Environmental Health Perspectives. 121 (2): 197–204. Bibcode:2013EnvHP.121..197H. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104625. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 3569676. PMID 23164621.
  106. ^ Jump up to:a b Chan, Emily Ying Yang; Goggins, William B; Kim, Jacqueline Jakyoung; Griffiths, Sian M (April 2012). "A study of intracity variation of temperature-related mortality and socioeconomic status among the Chinese population in Hong Kong". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 66 (4): 322–327. doi:10.1136/jech.2008.085167. ISSN 0143-005X. PMC 3292716. PMID 20974839.
  107. ^ Ng, Chris Fook Sheng; Ueda, Kayo; Takeuchi, Ayano; Nitta, Hiroshi; Konishi, Shoko; Bagrowicz, Rinako; Watanabe, Chiho; Takami, Akinori (2014). "Sociogeographic Variation in the Effects of Heat and Cold on Daily Mortality in Japan". Journal of Epidemiology. 24 (1): 15–24. doi:10.2188/jea.JE20130051. PMC 3872520. PMID 24317342.
  108. ^ Stafoggia, Massimo; Forastiere, Francesco; Agostini, Daniele; Biggeri, Annibale; Bisanti, Luigi; Cadum, Ennio; Caranci, Nicola; de'Donato, Francesca; De Lisio, Sara; De Maria, Moreno; Michelozzi, Paola; Miglio, Rossella; Pandolfi, Paolo; Picciotto, Sally; Rognoni, Magda (2006). "Vulnerability to Heat-Related Mortality: A Multicity, Population-Based, Case-Crossover Analysis". Epidemiology. 17 (3): 315–323. doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000208477.36665.34. ISSN 1044-3983. JSTOR 20486220. PMID 16570026. S2CID 20283342.
  109. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gronlund, Carina J. (September 2014). "Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Heat-Related Health Effects and Their Mechanisms: a Review". Current Epidemiology Reports. 1 (3): 165–173. doi:10.1007/s40471-014-0014-4. PMC 4264980. PMID 25512891.
  110. ^ O'Neill, M. S. (May 11, 2005). "Disparities by Race in Heat-Related Mortality in Four US Cities: The Role of Air Conditioning Prevalence". Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 82 (2): 191–197. doi:10.1093/jurban/jti043. PMC 3456567. PMID 15888640.
  111. ^ Jump up to:a b Sampson, Natalie R.; Gronlund, Carina J.; Buxton, Miatta A.; Catalano, Linda; White-Newsome, Jalonne L.; Conlon, Kathryn C.; O’Neill, Marie S.; McCormick, Sabrina; Parker, Edith A. (April 1, 2013). "Staying cool in a changing climate: Reaching vulnerable populations during heat events". Global Environmental Change. 23 (2): 475–484. Bibcode:2013GEC....23..475S. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.011. ISSN 0959-3780. PMC 5784212. PMID 29375195.
  112. ^ Niktash, Amirreza; Huynh, B. Phuoc (July 2–4, 2014). Simulation and Analysis of Ventilation Flow Through a Room Caused by a Two-sided Windcatcher Using a LES Method (PDF). World Congress on Engineering. Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science. Vol. 2. London. eISSN 2078-0966. ISBN 978-9881925350. ISSN 2078-0958. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  113. ^ Zhang, Chen; Kazanci, Ongun Berk; Levinson, Ronnen; Heiselberg, Per; Olesen, Bjarne W.; Chiesa, Giacomo; Sodagar, Behzad; Ai, Zhengtao; Selkowitz, Stephen; Zinzi, Michele; Mahdavi, Ardeshir (November 15, 2021). "Resilient cooling strategies – A critical review and qualitative assessment". Energy and Buildings. 251: 111312. Bibcode:2021EneBu.25111312Z. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111312. hdl:2117/363031. ISSN 0378-7788.
  114. ^ Linden, P. F. (1999). "The Fluid Mechanics of Natural Ventilation". Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 31: 201–238. Bibcode:1999AnRFM..31..201L. doi:10.1146/annurev.fluid.31.1.201.
  115. ^ Santamouris, M.; Asimakoupolos, D. (1996). Passive cooling of buildings (1st ed.). London: James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 978-1-873936-47-4.
  116. ^ Leo Samuel, D.G.; Shiva Nagendra, S.M.; Maiya, M.P. (August 2013). "Passive alternatives to mechanical air conditioning of building: A review". Building and Environment. 66: 54–64. Bibcode:2013BuEnv..66...54S. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.04.016.
  117. ^ M.j, Limb (January 1, 1998). "BIB 08: An Annotated Bibliography: Passive Cooling Technology for Office Buildings in Hot Dry and Temperate Climates".
  118. ^ Niles, Philip; Kenneth, Haggard (1980). Passive Solar Handbook. California Energy Resources Conservation. ASIN B001UYRTMM.
  119. ^ "Cooling: The hidden threat for climate change and sustainable goals". phys.org. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  120. ^ Ford, Brian (September 2001). "Passive downdraught evaporative cooling: principles and practice". Arq: Architectural Research Quarterly. 5 (3): 271–280. doi:10.1017/S1359135501001312. ISSN 1474-0516. S2CID 110209529.
  121. ^ Jump up to:a b Chen, Meijie; Pang, Dan; Chen, Xingyu; Yan, Hongjie; Yang, Yuan (2022). "Passive daytime radiative cooling: Fundamentals, material designs, and applications". EcoMat. 4. doi:10.1002/eom2.12153. S2CID 240331557. Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) dissipates terrestrial heat to the extremely cold outer space without using any energy input or producing pollution. It has the potential to simultaneously alleviate the two major problems of energy crisis and global warming.
  122. ^ Raman, Aaswath P.; Anoma, Marc Abou; Zhu, Linxiao; Rephaeli, Eden; Fan, Shanhui (November 2014). "Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight". Nature. 515 (7528): 540–544. Bibcode:2014Natur.515..540R. doi:10.1038/nature13883. PMID 25428501.
  123. ^ Jump up to:a b Bijarniya, Jay Prakash; Sarkar, Jahar; Maiti, Pralay (November 2020). "Review on passive daytime radiative cooling: Fundamentals, recent researches, challenges and opportunities". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 133: 110263. Bibcode:2020RSERv.13310263B. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110263. S2CID 224874019.
  124. ^ Mokhtari, Reza; Ulpiani, Giulia; Ghasempour, Roghayeh (July 2022). "The Cooling Station: Combining hydronic radiant cooling and daytime radiative cooling for urban shelters". Applied Thermal Engineering. 211: 118493. Bibcode:2022AppTE.21118493M. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118493.
  125. ^ Yang, Yuan; Zhang, Yifan (July 2020). "Passive daytime radiative cooling: Principle, application, and economic analysis". MRS Energy & Sustainability. 7 (1). doi:10.1557/mre.2020.18.
  126. ^ Miranda, Nicole D.; Renaldi, Renaldi; Khosla, Radhika; McCulloch, Malcolm D. (October 2021). "Bibliometric analysis and landscape of actors in passive cooling research". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 149: 111406. Bibcode:2021RSERv.14911406M. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111406.
  127. ^ Jump up to:a b Needham, Joseph; Wang, Ling (1991). Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4: Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521058032. OCLC 468144152.
  128. ^ Dalley, Stephanie (2002). Mari and Karana: Two Old Babylonian Cities (2nd ed.). Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1931956024. OCLC 961899663. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  129. ^ Nagengast, Bernard (February 1999). "Comfort from a Block of Ice: A History of Comfort Cooling Using Ice" (PDF). ASHRAE Journal. 41 (2): 49. ISSN 0001-2491. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  130. ^ Bahadori, Mehdi N. (February 1978). "Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Architecture". Scientific American. 238 (2): 144–154. Bibcode:1978SciAm.238b.144B. doi:10.1038/SCIENTIFICAMERICAN0278-144.
  131. ^ Smith, Shane (2000). Greenhouse Gardener's Companion: Growing Food and Flowers in Your Greenhouse Or Sunspace. Illustrated by Marjorie C. Leggitt (illustrated, revised ed.). Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing. p. 62. ISBN 978-1555914509. OCLC 905564174. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2020.

Aircon Servicing

Our Buisness

Our Business

Air Conditioning Repair Jacksonville, Fl
Air Conditioning Company Jacksonville Fl
Air Conditioning Repair Jacksonville Beach
Air Conditioning System Check
Air Repair Heating & Air Conditioning
Heating And Air Conditioning Tune Up
Heating And Air Conditioning Atlantic Beach Fl
Air Conditioning Company Jacksonville
Air Conditioning Company Near Me
A Heating And Air Conditioning Repair
Best Air Conditioning Services
Air Conditioning Installation
Air Conditioning Tune Up
Air Conditioning Repair Jacksonville
A Heating And Air Conditioning Repair
Air Conditioning Replacement Jacksonville, Fl
Air Conditioning Service Jacksonville Beach
Air Conditioning Repair Jacksonville, Fl
Air Conditioning Company Near Me
Air Conditioning Installation Jacksonville


Air Conditioning Service Jacksonville Fl
Air Conditioning Service Jacksonville
Heating And Air Conditioning Repair
Air Conditioning Installation
Air Conditioning Tune Up Service
Air Conditioning Replacement Jacksonville, Fl
Air Conditioning Tune Up Service
Air Conditioning Repair Service Near Me
Air Conditioning Services
Commercial Heating And Air Conditioning Repair Near Me
Air Conditioning Repair Service
Air Conditioning In Florida
Air Conditioning Tune Up Service
Heating And Air Conditioning Places
Jacksonville Air Conditioning Repair
Air Conditioning Replacement Jacksonville, Fl
Heating And Air Conditioning Companies
Heating & Air Conditioning Repair
Jacksonville Air Conditioning Companies
Air Conditioning Maintenance Jacksonville